R Eric Landrum

Annual Editions: Psychology

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The Annual Editions series is designed to provide convenient inexpensive access to a wide range of current articles from some of the most respected magazines, newspapers and journals published today. Annual Editions are updated on a regular basis through a continuous monitoring of over 300 periodical sources. The articles selected are authored by prominent scholars, researchers, and commentators writing for a general audience. Each Annual Editions volume has a number of features designed to make them especially valuable for classroom use; including a brief overview for each unit, as well as Learning Outcomes, Critical Thinking questions, and Internet References to accompany each article. Go to the McGraw-Hill Create® Annual Editions Article Collection at http://www.mcgrawhillcreate.com/annualeditions to browse the entire collection. Select individual Annual Editions articles to enhance your course, or access and select the entire Landrum: Annual Editions: Psychology, 49/e book here at http://create.mheducation.com/createonline/index.html#qlink=search%2Ftext%3Disbn:1260488500 for an easy, pre-built teaching resource. Visit http://create.mheducation.com for more information on other McGraw-Hill titles and special collections.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: McGraw Hill LLC
• 49th edition
• Seitenzahl: 256
• Erscheinungstermin: 14. Januar 2019
• Englisch
• Gewicht: 458g
• ISBN-13: 9781260488500
• ISBN-10: 1260488500
• Artikelnr.: 54918121

Autorenporträt

R. Eric Landrum is a professor of psychology at Boise State University, receiving his PhD in cognitive psychology from Southern Illinois University-Carbondale. His research interests center on the educational conditions that best facilitate student success in all forms. Eric is a member of the American Psychological Association, a fellow in APA's Division Two (Society for the Teaching of Psychology or STP). He served as STP secretary (2009-2011) and president (2014), is past-president of the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association, and currently serves as president of Psi Chi, the international honor society in psychology.

Inhaltsangabe

Detailed Table of Contents
Unit 1: The Science of Psychology
Investigating Variation in Replicability: A "Many Labs" Replication
Project, Richard A. Klein, et al., Social Psychology, 2014
A classic saying from science is "if it hasn't happened twice, it hasn't
happened." A team of 51 researchers collaborated to replicate the research
findings of 10 previously published studies. Surprisingly, some of the
published outcomes did not replicate, and the reasons for failed
replication were not due to lab versus online testing or United States
versus international samples.
That's So Random: Why We Persist in Seeing Streaks, Carl Zimmer, The New
York Times, 2014
Humans can have a difficult time in recognizing patterns; sometimes we see
patterns that are not present, and other times we miss patterns occurring
in front of us. The ability to understand when an event is random (or not)
can have momentous influence on how we make decisions.
Trigger Warnings in Psychology: Psychology Teachers' Perspectives and
Practices, Guy A. Boysen and Loreto R. Prieto, Scholarship of Teaching and
Learning in Psychology, 2018
Psychology instructors often address topics of a sensitive nature, and if a
topic coincides with a students' personal history, this could trigger a
negative experience. The intention of a "trigger warning" is to give
students a preview of topics to be discussed in order to avoid potential
negative experience. These researchers surveyed psychology instructors to
determined how many instructors have used trigger warnings and how often
trigger warnings are typically issued.
A Manifesto for Reproducible Science, Marcus R. Munafò, et al., Nature
Human Behavior, 2017
A key element of scientific findings is predictability or reproducibility;
that is, if a psychological effect happens once, it should happen again
under the same or similar conditions. Recent disciplinary introspection
demonstrates that replications are not occurring as desired. These authors
propose to improve the reliability and efficiency of scientific research
with specific suggestions in hopes of making scientific research more
transparent, more reproducible, and more efficient.
Unit 2: Biological Bases of Behavior
Sleep Deprivation and False Confessions, Steven J. Frenda, et al.,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 2016
From 15 percent to 25 percent of criminal convictions in the United States
occur due to false confessions. In a fascinating research study, these
authors report that individuals who were in sleep-deprived states (after
having been up all night) were 4.5 more likely to offer a false confession
compared to normally rested participants. Innocence or guilt may heavily
rely on a good night's sleep.
Could a Dose of Sunshine Make You Smarter? Ruth Williams, The Scientist,
2018
Researchers exposed mice to ultraviolet (UV) light similar to sunlight, and
this UV exposure eventually lead to the increased production of glutamate,
a neurotransmitter linked to learning and memory. Given that UV light is
typically thought of as dangerous, a beneficial effect such as potentially
enhanced learning and memory is striking. Does this beneficial effect hold
true for humans as it does for mice?
The Largest Health Disparity We Don't Talk About, Dhruv Khullar, The New
York Times, 2018
Individuals suffering with a mental illness often do not receive the mental
health services they need, but as it turns out, they often do not receive
the physical health services they need as well. U.S. citizens with a mental
disorder (such as depression or bipolar disorder) die 15-30 years younger
than those without a mental disorder. For physicians, the two key factors
that have been identified are probably therapeutic pessimism and diagnostic
overshadowing.
Using Deviance Regulation Theory to Target Marijuana Use Intentions among
College Students, Robert D. Dvorak et al., Experimental and Clinical
Psychopharmacology, 2018
Deviance regulation theory (DRT) is based on the ideas that people who
engage in uncommon behaviors tend to stand out and that information about
these individuals is particularly important and valuable-this messaging is
a signal to others how they would be perceived if they were to engage in
the uncommon behavior. Using DRT and recognizing that marijuana use is on
the rise with college-age samples, these researchers used a positively
framed message about marijuana abstainers or a negatively framed message
about marijuana users over three months and then measured students' intent
to use.
Unit 3: Perceptual Processes
Some People Are More Likely to See Faces in Things, Moheb Constandi,
Braindecoder, 2015
The ability to see images in places where those images are unlikely to
exist (e.g., seeing the image of a famous historical figure in a slice of
toast) is called pareidolia. This reporter writes about recent research
where the ability to detect such images is related to both personality
characteristics and current mood states.
A New Way to Trick the Brain and Beat Jet Lag, Randy Rieland, Smithsonian,
2016
There are certain tricks that researchers are uncovering about the
relationship between brain function and interacting in our environment. In
one study, researchers were able to reduce the amount of jet lag
(sleepiness) by manipulating the light that passes through the eyelids.
Other new research-based "tricks" involve not "watching" what you eat and
not thinking too much about that new, desired habit.
Understanding Human Perception by Human-made Illusions, Claus-Christian
Carbon, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2014
Although visual illusions can be fun to view, researchers believe that by
studying the limitations of human perception, the cognitive processes that
drive perception can be better understood. The author believes that by
garnering attention to the visual illusions, viewers can become more
interested in understanding and studying the psychological phenomena that
cause these illusions in the first place.
Evoking the Ineffable: The Phenomenology of Extreme Sports, Eric Brymer and
Robert D. Schweitzer, Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and
Practice, 2017
Extreme sports, characterized as a leisure activity in which a mistake or
accident would likely cause death, are experiencing rapid growth while many
traditional sports are suffering from declining participation. Based on
interviews with 15 extreme sports participants in this research study, the
authors extract three themes that shed insight into one's attraction to
extreme sports: (a) extreme sports as invigorating experience, (b)
inadequacy of words, and (c) participants' experience of transcendence.
Unit 4: Learning
You Have No Idea What Happened, Maria Konnikova, The New Yorker, 2015
Researchers now understand that memories for emotional events are truly
different than memories for regular, everyday events. One's confidence in a
recollection of events may be related to the emotionality of that event.
A 'Learning' Attitude Helps Boost Job Search Success, Scott Sleek,
Alexandra Michel, and Anna Mikulak, APS Observer, 2015
When college seniors viewed their job search as an opportunity to learn,
they successfully increased their chances of landing a job. Also,
researchers reported that a moderate amount of stress helped job seekers be
successful-thus, stress is not always universally bad.
The Science of Learning: Five Classic Studies, Tom Stafford, The Guardian,
2015
This is a very nice summary of five key studies in the psychology of
learning. The studies selected by the author describe the construction and
recollection of memories over time, the operant behavior of rats, multiple
memory systems, how novices and experts think about situations differently
(like chess), and the thousands of hours that it takes to acquire
expertise.
B. F. Skinner at Harvard, Gregory A. Briker, The Harvard Crimson, 2014
In this retrospective piece about B.F. Skinner, his graduate school habits
and freedom to conduct research at Harvard are discussed and examined.
Unit 5: Cognitive Processes
Cognitive Shields: Investigating Protections against Dementia, Andrew
Merluzzi, APS Observer, 2015
Researchers have recently indicated that over a lifetime, individuals can
build a "cognitive reserve" which may serve as a protective factor from
dementia. Multiple researchers in multiple laboratories are exploring
different methods of encouraging individuals to build their cognitive
reserve.
Getting a Scientific Message across Means Taking Human Nature into Account,
Rose Hendricks, The Conversation, 2017
One of the current problems with science communication is that many believe
it is about fact communication-just tell people the facts, and the deficits
will be filled. But humans suffer from confirmation bias, the tendency to
seek out information that confirms what we already believe and discard
contradictory information. The task for effective science communicators is
to find the proper framing for messages, with an understanding of human
limitations for quantitative reasoning as well as attraction to metaphors.
Unit 6: Emotion and Motivation
Hand on the Wheel, Mind on the Mobile: An Analysis of Social Factors
Contributing to Texting While Driving, Steven J. Seiler, Cyberpsychology,
Behavior, and Social Networking, 2015
Even though there are numerous reported accidents and fatalities for
individuals who text and drive, it appears that texting while driving is
becoming more prevalent in the United States. This researcher studied
potential reasons why this occurs and concluded that texting while driving
has become socially acceptable, even with the obvious conflict with
existing laws.
On the Science of Creepiness, Linda Rodriguez McRobbie, Smithsonian, 2015
Creepiness has been defined by both brain and body signals that something
is not quite right in the environment and one's attention is needed to
avoid being hurt. Research studies are now underway to better understand
the specific aspects of what makes a situation or a person creepy; it seems
that unpredictability is a key predictor of creepiness.
Changing Faces: We Can Look More Trustworthy, but Not More Competent, New
York University, 2015
Over the course of four experiments, researchers determined that
individuals can make themselves look more trustworthy to others (happy
expression, upturned eyebrows, upward curving mouth) but that individuals
cannot make themselves look more competent to others (competence is based
on facial structure-wider is better-and facial structure cannot be
altered).
Do Cholesterol Drugs Affect Aggression? Dennis Thompson, HealthDay, 2015
In previous studies, a person's level of cholesterol has been linked to
aggression levels. Researchers have identified that drugs designed to lower
cholesterol can have different effects on men and women in regard to their
resulting aggression levels.
Unit 7: Development
A Brief History of Twin Studies, Ker Than, Smithsonian, 2016
This is a very nice research study that summarizes and highlights the
benefits of twin studies on the relative contribution of nature and
nurture, including studies about intelligence, eating disorders, sexual
orientation, and when twins are not raised in the same household (reared
apart).
How a Newborn Baby Sees You, Kjerstin Gjengedal, University of Oslo, 2015
Based on existing literature, technology, and mathematical calculations,
researchers believe that they have identified what an infant 2-3 days old
can see; they can perceive faces at 30 centimeters (almost 12 inches). The
key to this new discovery was to focus on motion detection rather than the
focus on a static (still) image, according to the researchers.
One in Five Teens May Be Bullied on Social Media, Randy Dotinga, HealthDay,
2015
Bullying, and particularly cyberbullying, continues to be hot topics with
developmental researchers. After examining multiple studies, it is
estimated that 23 percent of kids report being bullied via social media,
although the amount of cyberbullying varied in studies from 5 percent to 74
percent.
How Do Smartphones Affect Childhood Psychology? Amy Williams, Psych
Central, 2014
The use of smartphones is everywhere, and this includes usage by younger
and younger children. Certain developmental achievements, such as language
acquisition, rely on face-to-face interactions; researchers are concerned
that with the increase in screen time by younger individuals, some
developmental achievements may be impeded.
The Influence of Health-care Policies on Children's Health and Development,
James M. Perrin, Thomas F. Boat, and Kelly J. Kelleher, Society for
Research in Child Development, 2016
The data are clear-poverty affects a child's health; that is, children who
are poorer suffer from more acute and chronic illnesses as well as having a
higher mortality rate. These authors examine the role of health insurance
for children in the United States and also describe how a community
approach is desired in providing comprehensive health care to children.
Unit 8: Personality Processes
Good News about Worrying, Jan Hoffman, The New York Times, 2015
When receiving the results about a long-awaited outcome, most of the
existing research examines the reaction to the news, such as coping
strategies used when the news is bad news. However, researchers have also
studied the waiting period for the big decision, and the outcomes of that
study yielded surprising results.
How Are Horoscopes Still a Thing? Linda Rodriguez McRobbie, Smithsonian,
2016
Believers in astrology think that humans are currently affected by the
movements of the sun, the moon, and the stars, and that our future is
shaped by the relative positioning of the sun, moon, and stars on the day
we are born. Given what we know about the causes of human behavior and the
development of personality traits and characteristics, the author concludes
that the reason that horoscopes remain popular today is simple: people like
them.
Study of 20,000 Finds an Income Advantage for Those Judged to Be Very
Unattractive, Alex Fradera, BPS Research Digest, 2018
In typical studies about income and attractiveness, there is often a beauty
premium and an ugliness penalty. However, reporting on a longitudinal
study, attractiveness ratings were compared to gross earnings, and for
participants who were rated as "very unattractive" at age 20, these
individuals were earning significantly more than participants who were
judged as more attractive. Given this finding, at best, the researchers are
only speculating as to what this unexpected result means.
How Democracy Can Survive Big Data, Colin Koopman, The New York Times, 2018
When signing up for any web site, service, or product, the vast majority of
users quickly skip past the End User License Agreement (EULA). However, a
company called Cambridge Analytica claimed to have as many as 5,000 pieces
of data ("data points") on 230 million Americans. What may have started as
the testing of schoolchildren in the early 1900s has developed into
powerful personality and predictive research that might be being used today
to help "shape" the outcome of national elections.
Unit 9: Social Processes
The Third Wheel: The Impact of Twitter Use on Relationship Infidelity and
Divorce, Russell B. Clayton, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social
Networking, 2014
In this empirical research, active Twitter users led to increased
Twitter-related conflict for romantic partners, which were in turn related
to infidelity, breakup, and divorce. The negative effects of
Twitter-related conflict occurred for couples who had been in short- and
longer-term relationships.
Rethinking One of Psychology's Most Infamous Experiments, Cari Romm, The
Atlantic, 2015
Researchers are currently exploring archival material from the 1960s
regarding Milgram's famous obedience to authority studies. Although the
studies make for good theater and these themes appear in popular culture,
there remain questions about Milgram's methods and the veracity of his
research findings.
Are People More Disturbed by Dog or Human Suffering? Jack Levin, Arnold
Arluke, and Leslie Irvine, Society & Animals, 2017
Using a survey research approach and a fictitious news report,
undergraduate college students were asked to indicate their own degree of
empathy for a brutally beaten child, human adult, puppy, or adult dog. As
you can imagine, undergraduates might respond with different levels of
empathy for humans versus dogs or might respond differently for young
victims versus old victims. What do you think happened? What do you think
should have happened?
Unit 10: Psychological Disorders
Being Neurotic Makes It Harder for You to Remember Things, Emily Mullin,
Smithsonian, 2015
Using neuroimaging, researchers were able to conclude that individuals with
higher levels of neuroticism (i.e., the tendency to worry) were less
efficient when working memory was tested. It may be that the increased
level of worrying slows braining functioning down when engaging in
simultaneous tasks, such as trying to remember.
Overcoming the Shame of a Suicide Attempt, Jamie Brickhouse, The New York
Times, 2016
In this first-person narrative, the author describes two of his own suicide
attempts and integrates his story with the available U.S. research about
suicide attempts and suicide prevention.
China and India Burdened by Untreated Mental Disorders, Benedict Carey, The
New York Times, 2016
Combined, China and India represent more than one-third of the world's
population, yet less than 10 percent of the individuals in these countries
with mental disorders receive effective treatment. This trend, combined
with both countries spending less than one percent of their total medical
budget on mental health treatments, makes for a growing burden that will
not be easily relieved.
A Potent Side Effect to the Flint Water Crisis: Mental Health Problems,
Abby Goodnough and Scott Atkinson, The New York Times, 2016
Through the environmental crisis in Flint, Michigan regarding extremely
high levels of lead in the water supply, these reporters present various
stories about individuals experiencing mental health difficulties as they
survive the situation.
A Mad World, Joseph Pierre, Aeon Magazine, 2014
Psychiatrists and psychologists share an interest in the effectiveness of
psychotherapy, and practitioners from both disciplines rely on the DSM-V as
a major diagnostic tool. The author explores the lens by which a
psychiatrist views the world and views mental illness.
It's Not Just You-Politics Is Stressing Out America's Youth, Melissa
DeJonckheere and Tammy Chang, The Conversation, 2018
When individuals aged 14 to 24 were surveyed before and after the 2016 U.S.
presidential election, a majority of respondents reported physical distress
(concentration difficulties, insomnia, over-eating) as well as emotional
stressors (depression, anxiety, and fear). Youth distress has been on the
rise in general, with rates of depression for adolescents increasing from
8.7 percent in 2005 to 11.3 percent in 2014.
Unit 11: Psychological Treatments
Fifty Psychological and Psychiatric Terms to Avoid: A List of Inaccurate,
Misleading, Misused, Ambiguous, and Logically Confused Words and Phrases,
Scott O. Lilienfeld et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 2015
These authors provide a highly valuable listing of psychological and
psychiatric terms that should be avoided; moreover, the authors explain the
problems with the term, provide an example of its misuse, and offer more
palatable alternatives when they exist.
Study Finds Virtual Reality Can Help Treat Severe Paranoia, Medical
Research Council, 2016
Based on a study in Britain, about 1-2 percent of individuals suffer from
severe paranoia, which is evidenced by extreme distrust of others,
believing that people are deliberately trying to harm the individual. Using
virtual reality technology, patients with severe paranoia with specific
instructions experienced reduced paranoia symptoms for the rest of the day,
suggesting that there may be successful short-term coping techniques
available.
Could Brain Scans Help Guide Treatment for OCD? Mary Elizabeth Dallas,
HealthDay, 2015
About 2.5 percent of Americans are diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder, and another 10 percent exhibit symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder; that is, they have a lesser form of the illness. Although
cognitive behavioral therapy has been useful as a short-term treatment for
individuals with OCD, brain scan technology is currently being used to
explore treatments that may have longer-term effectiveness.
With the Help of Virtual Therapists, People with Eating Disorders Tackle
Anxiety in Grocery Stores, Juli Fraga, The Washington Post, 2018
Anorexia is a mental health disorder affecting 1percent of Americans, and
often people with anorexia are overwhelmed when surrounded by food, which
makes grocery shopping difficult. Using procedures borrowed from
telemedicine (FaceTime with headphones for privacy), therapists can now
help individuals with anorexia with this adapted version of exposure
therapy called grocery store therapy.