Anthropology

Herausgeber: Angeloni, Elvio

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The Annual Editions series is designed to provide convenient, inexpensive access to a wide range of current articles from some of the most respected magazines, newspapers, and journals published today. Annual Editions are updated on a regular basis through a continuous monitoring of over 300 periodical sources. The articles selected are authored by prominent scholars, researchers, and commentators writing for a general audience. The Annual Editions volumes have a number of common organizational features designed to make them particularly useful in the classroom: a general introduction; an annotated table of contents; a topic guide; an annotated listing of selected World Wide Web sites; and a brief overview for each section. Each volume also offers an online Instructor's Resource Guide with testing materials. Using Annual Editions in the Classroom is a general guide that provides a number of interesting and functional ideas for using Annual Editions readers in the classroom. Visit www.mhhe.com/annualeditions for more details.

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Produktdetails

• Annual Editions: Anthropology
• Verlag: Dushkin Publishing
• 2012/13
• Seitenzahl: 235
• Erscheinungstermin: Oktober 2011
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 272mm x 206mm x 13mm
• Gewicht: 454g
• ISBN-13: 9780078051012
• ISBN-10: 0078051010
• Artikelnr.: 34157214

Inhaltsangabe

Annual Editions: Anthropology 12/13, Thirty-Fifth Edition
Preface
Series
Correlation Guide
Topic Guide
Internet References
World Map
Unit 1: Anthropological Perspectives
Unit Overview
1. A Dispute in Donggo: Fieldwork and Ethnography, John Monaghan and
Peter Just, Social and Cultural Anthropology: A Very Short
Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000
In this account of dispute resolution in an Indonesian community, the
authors illustrate the unique features of anthropological fieldwork.
Participant observation, involving prolonged exposure to the daily
lives of people, allows for contextual understanding of events and
motivations that go beyond superficial appearances.
2. Eating Christmas in the Kalahari, Richard Borshay Lee, Natural
History, December 1969
Anthropologist Richard Borshay Lee gives an account of the
misunderstanding and confusion that often accompany cross-cultural
experience. In this case, he violated a basic principle of the !Kung
Bushmen's social relations-food sharing.
3. Tricking and Tripping: Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS,
Claire E. Sterk, Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of
AIDS, Social Change Press, 2000
As unique as Claire E. Sterk's report on prostitution may be, she
discusses issues common to anthropologists wherever they conduct
fieldwork: How does one build trusting relationships with informants
and what are the ethical obligations of an anthropologist toward them?
4. Can White Men Jump?: Ethnicity, Genes, Culture, and Success, David
Shenk from The Genius in All of Us, Doubleday, 2010
Clusters of ethnic and geographical athletic success prompt suspicions
of hidden genetic advantages. The real advantages are much more
cultural, more nuanced, and less hidden.
Unit 2: Culture and Communication
Unit Overview
5. How Language Shapes Thought, Lera Boroditsky, Scientific American,
February 2011
As the author observes, each language contains a way of perceiving,
categorizing, and making meaning In the world, an invaluable guidebook
developed and honed by our ancestors. But, do differences in language
create differences in thought or is it the other way around? The
answer, says the author, is both.
6. Do You Speak American?, Robert MacNeil, USA Today Magazine, January
2005
It is a common assumption that the mass media is making all Americans
speak in a similar manner. Linguists point out, however, that while
some national trends in language are apparent, regional speech
differences are not only thriving, but in some places they are becoming
even more distinctive.
7. Fighting for Our Lives, Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture,
Random House, 1998
In America today, a pervasive warlike tone seems to prevail in public
dialogue. The prevailing belief is that there are only two sides to an
issue and opposition leads to truth. Often, however, an issue is more
like a crystal, with many sides, and the truth is in the complex
middle, not in the oversimplified extremes.
8. Shakespeare in the Bush, Laura Bohannan, Natural History,
August/September 1966
It is often claimed that great literature has cross-cultural
significance. In this article, Laura Bohannan describes the
difficulties she encountered and the lessons she learned as she
attempted to relate the story of Hamlet to the Tiv of West Africa in
their own language.
Unit 3: The Organization of Society and Culture
Unit Overview
9. How Cooking Frees Men, Richard Wrangham, from Catching Fire, Basic
Books, 2009
The classic explanation for why there is a universal sexual division of
labor in foraging societies has to do with men hunting and women
gathering. Even more important, says Wrangham, is the advent of cooked
food. This dietary change has fostered anatomical and physiological
changes as well.
10. When Cousins Do More than Kiss, Anthony Layng, USA Today Magazine,
September 2009
Given the variability of incest taboos cross-culturally, it is very
unlikely that humans have some sort of instinct against inbreeding or
that genetic closeness is the major concern. The more likely
explanation is that requiring young people to find their mates outside
their group fostered cooperation and exchange of food between hunting
and gathering bands.
11. The Inuit Paradox, Patricia Gadsby, Discover, October 2004
The traditional diet of the Far North, with its high-protein, high-fat
content, shows that there are no essential foods-only essential
nutrients.
12. Ties That Bind, Peter M. Whiteley, Natural History, November 2004
The Hopi people offer gifts in a much broader range of circumstances
than people in Western Cultures do, tying individuals and groups to
each other and to the realm of the spirits.
13. Cell Phones, Sharing, and Social Status in an African Society,
Daniel Jordan Smith, Canadian Journal of African Studies, 40(3):
496-523, 2006
Although the economic dimensions of Nigeria's emerging cell phone
culture are important, much of its cell phone-related behavior requires
a social rather than an economic explanation.
Unit 4: Other Families, Other Ways
Unit Overview
14. When Brothers Share a Wife: Among Tibetans, the Good Life Relegates
Many Women to Spinsterhood, Melvyn C. Goldstein, Natural History,
March 1987 (Updated 2011)
While the custom of fraternal polyandry relegated many Tibetan women to
spinsterhood, this unusual marriage form promoted personal security and
economic well-being for its participants.
15. Death without Weeping, Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Natural History,
October 1989 (Updated 2011)
In the Shantytowns of Brazil, the seeming indifference of mothers who
allow some of their children to die is a survival strategy, geared to
circumstances in which only some may live.
16. Arranging a Marriage in India, Serena Nanda, Stumbling Toward
Truth: Anthropologists at Work, Waveland Press, 2000
Arranging a marriage in India is far too serious a business for the
young and inexperienced. Instead, the parents make the decision on the
basis of the families' social position, reputation, and ability to get
along.
17. Who Needs Love!: In Japan, Many Couples Don't, Nicholas D. Kristof,
The New York Times, February 11, 1996
Paradoxically, Japanese families seem to survive, not because husbands
and wives love each other more than American couples do, but rather
because they perhaps love each other less. And as love marriages
increase, with the compatibility factor becoming more important in the
decision to marry, the divorce rate is rising.
Unit 5: Gender and Status
Unit Overview
18. The Berdache Tradition, Walter L. Williams, The Spirit and the
Flesh, (Beacon Press, 1986, 1992)
Not all societies agree with the Western cultural view that all humans
are either women or men. In fact, many Native American cultures
recognize an alternative role called the ``berdache,'' a morphological
male who has a non-masculine character. This is just one way for a
society to recognize and assimilate some atypical individuals without
imposing a change on them or stigmatizing them as deviants.
19. The Hijras: An Alternative Gender in India, Serena Nanda, Adapted
from an article in Manushi, vol. 72, 1992.
The transgender hijra of India form structured households and
communities and, as a caste, fulfill roles that are rooted in social
and religious tradition. As Serena Nanda notes, cross-cultural
understandings such as this represent a challenge to the binary
sex/gender notions of the West.
20. Sexual Orientation Differences as Deficits: Science and Stigma in
the History of American Psychology, Gregory M. Herek, Perspectives on
Psychological Science, November 2010
Until recently, health professionals defined homosexuality in the
United States as a mental illness. This differences as deficits model
resulted in non-heterosexuals being put in the same category as rapists
and child molesters. They were arrested i n their homes, fired from
their jobs, and even subjected to medical experimentation to correct
their ``problem.'' This is a classic example of how scientific
theories, research methods, and clinical practices often incorporate
and reproduce values to the detriment of society's less powerful
groups.
21. Where Fat Is a Mark of Beauty, Ann M. Simmons, Los Angeles Times,
September 30, 1998
In a rite of passage, some Nigerian girls spend months gaining weight
and learning customs in a ``fattening room.'' A woman's rotundity is
seen as a sign of good health, prosperity, and feminine beauty.
22. Missing Girls, Michelle Goldberg, from The Means of Reproduction,
Penguin, 2009
Motivated by economic need and runaway consumerism and fueled by
modern technology, such as ultrasound, sex selection in favor of sons
has become a tool for limiting population in much of Asia. The
resulting imbalance in the sex ratio threatens to impede women's
rights, destabilize entire regions, and prevent men from marrying at
all.
23. Rising Number of Dowry Deaths in India, Amanda Hitchcock,
International Committee of the Fourth International, July 4, 2001
Traditionally, a dowry in India allowed a woman to become a member of
her husband's family with her own wealth. However, with the development
of a cash economy, increased consumerism, and a status-striving
society, heightened demands for dowry and the inability of many brides'
families to meet such demands have led to thousands of deaths each
year.
24. Trial by Fire, J. Malcolm Garcia, Mother Jones, January/February
2011
For many Afghan women, the only escape from spousal abuse is to douse
themselves in kerosene and light a match. There is one prosecutor who
is risking the lives of herself and her family to bring the instigators
to justice.
25. Murder in Amman, Rana Husseini, from Murder in the Name of Honour,
Oneworld Publications, 2009
As journalist Rana Husseini seeks to understand the ``honor killing''
of young women in Jordanian society, she finds that, to a lesser
extent, the victims include the family and even the murderer.
26. Is Islam Misogynistic?, Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn from
Half the Sky, Knopf, 2009
Some Muslims and non-Muslims cite the Koran as the basis for the
suppression of women in addition to anti-Western terrorism. However, a
careful study of the text, say some historians, reveals that both the
Prophet Muhammad and the Koran itself were more progressive than they
have been given credit for and that much of the patriarchy and
aggressiveness associated with Islam is more culturally based than
religious in origin.
Unit 6: Religion, Belief, and Ritual
Unit Overview
27. Shamanisms: Past and Present, David Kozak, Religion and Culture,
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008
This article explains how few generalizations about shamanism do
justice to the varying social contexts and individual cultural
histories of the shamans, and discusses the past perceptual biases on
the part of ethnographic observers.
28. The Adaptive Value of Religious Ritual, Richard Sosis, American
Scientist, March/April 2004
Rituals promote group cohesion by requiring members to engage in
behavior that is too costly to fake. Groups that do so are more likely
to attain their collective goals than the groups whose members are less
committed.
29. Understanding Islam, Kenneth Jost, CQ Researcher, November 3, 2005
As the world's second largest religion after Christianity, Islam
teaches piety, virtue, and tolerance. Yet, with the emphasis of some
Islamists on a strong relationship between religion and state, and with
an increasing number of Islamic militants calling for violence against
the West, communication and mutual understanding are becoming more
important than ever.
30. The Secrets of Haiti's Living Dead, Gino Del Guercio, Harvard
Magazine, January/February 1986
In seeking scientific documentation of the existence of zombies,
anthropologist Wade Davis found himself looking beyond the stereotypes
and mysteries of voodoo, and directly into a cohesive system of social
control in rural Haiti.
31. Body Ritual among the Nacirema, Horace Miner, American
Anthropologist, June 1956
The rituals, beliefs, and taboos of the Nacirema provide us with a test
case of the objectivity of ethnographic description and show us the
extremes to which human behavior can go.
32. Baseball Magic, George Gmelch, Original Work, 2011
Professional baseball players, like Trobriand Islanders, often resort
to magic, in situations of chance and uncertainty. As irrational as it
may seem, magic creates confidence, competence, and control in the
practitioner.
Unit 7: Sociocultural Change
Unit Overview
33. Why Can't People Feed Themselves?, Frances Moore Lappé and Joseph
Collins, Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity, Random House, 1977
(Updated 2011)
When colonial governments force the conversion of subsistence farms to
cash crop plantations, peasants are driven into marginal lands or into
a large pool of cheap labor. In either case, the authors maintain their
stand that the farmers are no longer able to feed themselves.
34. The Arrow of Disease, Jared Diamond, Discover, October 1992
The most deadly weapon colonial Europeans carried to other continents
was their germs. The most intriguing question to be answered here is,
why did the flow of disease not move in the opposite direction?
35. The Americanization of Mental Illness, Ethan Watters, The New York
Times, January 8, 2010
According to some anthropologists and cross-cultural psychiatrists,
mental illness has varied in time and place much more than previously
thought. American-led globalization, however, is undermining local
conceptions of self and modes of healing and, says Watters, is
``homogenizing the way the world goes mad.''
36. The Price of Progress, John Bodley, Victims of Progress, Mayfield
Publishing, 1998
As traditional cultures are sacrificed in the process of
modernization, tribal peoples not only lose the security, autonomy, and
quality of life they once had, but they also become powerless,
second-class citizens who are discriminated against and exploited by
the dominant society.
37. Last of Their Kind, Wade Davis, Scientific American, September 2010
Within the next generation, we may eliminate half of the world's
several thousand existing cultures. This represents an enormous loss if
one values the languages and the diversity of adaptations they
represent. There are so many lessons they have yet to teach us about
coping with our own future.
38. The Tractor Invasion, Laura Graham, Cultural Survival Quarterly,
Summer 2009
The Brazilian Cerrado is one of the world's most biologically diverse
tropical Savanna regions. Its indigenous people are struggling to
survive the onslaught of agribusiness, deforestation, environmental
pollution, and exotic diseases. What legal rights they have to the land
are being trampled and their cries for help are largely ignored.
39. What Native Peoples Deserve, Roger Sandall, Commentary, May 2005
What should be done about endangered enclave societies in the midst of
a modern nation such as Brazil? The main priority, says Roger Sandall,
must be to ensure that no one should have to play the role of
historical curiosity and that those who want to participate in the
modern world should be able to do so, whether on the reservation or off
it.
40. Being Indigenous in the 21st Century, Wilma Mankiller, Cultural
Survival Quarterly, Spring 2009
With a shared sense of history and a growing set of tools, the world's
indigenous peoples are moving into a future of their own making
without losing sight of who they are and where they come from.
41. Population Seven Billion, Robert Kunzig, National Geographic,
January 2011
With the world's population rising by several billion from the
current seven billion, inevitable questions arise as to how this will
impact the quality of life as well as the condition of Planet Earth.
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