Medicinal plants are currently attracting a great deal of interest due to the large number of bioactive molecules they contain. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols from the aromatic plant Salvia officinalis, through a comparative analysis of the results obtained from numerous previous studies. The results of these studies revealed that extracts from this plant are rich in polyphenols, with different levels depending on the region to which it belongs. Numerous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of this plant in vivo, with a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced oedema, andin vitro, with inhibition of protein denaturation and a protective effect against red cell membrane haemolysis. These results confirm the traditional use of this plant to treat inflammatory diseases.