This book presents a thorough and authoritative overview of the multifaceted field of antibiotic science - offering guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases. _ Provides readers with knowledge about the broad field of drug resistance _ Offers guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases _ Links strategies to analyze microbes to the development of new drugs, socioeconomic impacts to therapeutic strategies, and public policies to antibiotic-resistance-prevention strategies
This book presents a thorough and authoritative overview of the multifaceted field of antibiotic science - offering guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases. _ Provides readers with knowledge about the broad field of drug resistance _ Offers guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases _ Links strategies to analyze microbes to the development of new drugs, socioeconomic impacts to therapeutic strategies, and public policies to antibiotic-resistance-prevention strategiesHinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
JOSÉ-LUIS CAPELO-MARTÍNEZ PHD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry of the Faculty of Science and Technology of the NOVA University of Lisbon. GILBERTO IGREJAS PHD, is an Associate Professor with habilitation in the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro in Portugal.
Inhaltsangabe
List of Contributors xix
Preface xxv
About the Editors xxvii
Part I Current Antibiotics and Their Mechanism of Action 1
1 Resistance to Aminoglycosides: Glycomics and the Link to the Human Gut Microbiome 3 Viviana G. Correia, Benedita A. Pinheiro, Ana Luísa Carvalho, and Angelina S. Palma
1.1 Aminoglycosides as Antimicrobial Drugs 3
1.1.1 The Structure of Aminoglycosides 5
1.1.2 Mechanisms of Action 8
1.2 Mechanisms of Resistance 10
1.2.1 Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes 10
1.2.2 Mutation or Modification of Ribosomal Target Sequences 13
1.2.3 Changes in Uptake and Efflux 14
1.3 Development of New AGAs: The Potential of Glycomics 16
1.3.1 Exploitation of Carbohydrate Chemistry to Study Structure-Activity Relationship of Aminoglycoside Derivatives 17
1.3.2 Aminoglycoside Microarrays to Screen Interactions of Antibiotics with RNAs and Proteins 18
1.4 Influence of the Human Microbiome in Aminoglycoside Resistance 20
1.4.1 The Effect of Antibiotic-Induced Alterations 21
1.4.2 A Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance 24
1.4.3 Strategies to Modulate the Human Microbiome 25
1.5 Conclusions and Outlook 26
Acknowledgments 27
References 28
2 Mechanisms of Action and of Resistance to Quinolones 39 José L. Martínez
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 Mechanism of Action of Quinolones 40
2.3 Mutations in the Genes Encoding the Targets of Quinolones 41
2.4 Multidrug Efflux Pumps and Quinolone Resistance 42
2.5 Transferable Quinolone Resistance 43
2.6 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Its Uncommon Mechanisms of Resistance to Quinolones 46
Acknowledgments 47
References 47
3 Beta-Lactams 57 Luz Balsalobre, Ana Blanco, and Teresa Alarcón
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Chemical Structure 58
3.3 Classification and Spectrum of Activity 59
3.3.1 Penicillins 59
3.3.2 Cephalosporins 61
3.3.3 Monobactams 63
3.3.4 Carbapenems 64
3.3.5 Beta-Lactam Associated with Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors 64
3.4 Mechanism of Action 66
3.5 Activity of Beta-Lactams Against Multiresistant Bacteria 68
3.6 Conclusions 70
References 70
4 Glycopeptide Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action and Recent Developments 73 Paramita Sarkar and Jayanta Haldar
Part I Current Antibiotics and Their Mechanism of Action 1
1 Resistance to Aminoglycosides: Glycomics and the Link to the Human Gut Microbiome 3 Viviana G. Correia, Benedita A. Pinheiro, Ana Luísa Carvalho, and Angelina S. Palma
1.1 Aminoglycosides as Antimicrobial Drugs 3
1.1.1 The Structure of Aminoglycosides 5
1.1.2 Mechanisms of Action 8
1.2 Mechanisms of Resistance 10
1.2.1 Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes 10
1.2.2 Mutation or Modification of Ribosomal Target Sequences 13
1.2.3 Changes in Uptake and Efflux 14
1.3 Development of New AGAs: The Potential of Glycomics 16
1.3.1 Exploitation of Carbohydrate Chemistry to Study Structure-Activity Relationship of Aminoglycoside Derivatives 17
1.3.2 Aminoglycoside Microarrays to Screen Interactions of Antibiotics with RNAs and Proteins 18
1.4 Influence of the Human Microbiome in Aminoglycoside Resistance 20
1.4.1 The Effect of Antibiotic-Induced Alterations 21
1.4.2 A Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance 24
1.4.3 Strategies to Modulate the Human Microbiome 25
1.5 Conclusions and Outlook 26
Acknowledgments 27
References 28
2 Mechanisms of Action and of Resistance to Quinolones 39 José L. Martínez
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 Mechanism of Action of Quinolones 40
2.3 Mutations in the Genes Encoding the Targets of Quinolones 41
2.4 Multidrug Efflux Pumps and Quinolone Resistance 42
2.5 Transferable Quinolone Resistance 43
2.6 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Its Uncommon Mechanisms of Resistance to Quinolones 46
Acknowledgments 47
References 47
3 Beta-Lactams 57 Luz Balsalobre, Ana Blanco, and Teresa Alarcón
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Chemical Structure 58
3.3 Classification and Spectrum of Activity 59
3.3.1 Penicillins 59
3.3.2 Cephalosporins 61
3.3.3 Monobactams 63
3.3.4 Carbapenems 64
3.3.5 Beta-Lactam Associated with Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors 64
3.4 Mechanism of Action 66
3.5 Activity of Beta-Lactams Against Multiresistant Bacteria 68
3.6 Conclusions 70
References 70
4 Glycopeptide Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action and Recent Developments 73 Paramita Sarkar and Jayanta Haldar
