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This book covers various aspects of antibody mediated drug delivery systems - theoretical aspects, processing, viral and non-viral vectors, and fields where these systems find and /or are being evaluated for applications as therapeutics and diagnostic treatment. Chapters discuss actual applications of techniques used for formulation and characterization. Applications areas include cancer, pulmonary, ocular diseases; brain drug delivery; and vaccine delivery. The contributing authors represent over 10 different countries, covering recent developments happening around the globe.
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This book covers various aspects of antibody mediated drug delivery systems - theoretical aspects, processing, viral and non-viral vectors, and fields where these systems find and /or are being evaluated for applications as therapeutics and diagnostic treatment. Chapters discuss actual applications of techniques used for formulation and characterization. Applications areas include cancer, pulmonary, ocular diseases; brain drug delivery; and vaccine delivery. The contributing authors represent over 10 different countries, covering recent developments happening around the globe.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 528
- Erscheinungstermin: 15. Mai 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 33mm
- Gewicht: 971g
- ISBN-13: 9780470612811
- ISBN-10: 0470612819
- Artikelnr.: 35046484
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 528
- Erscheinungstermin: 15. Mai 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 33mm
- Gewicht: 971g
- ISBN-13: 9780470612811
- ISBN-10: 0470612819
- Artikelnr.: 35046484
Yashwant Pathak, PhD, is the Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs at the College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida. Dr. Pathak studied pharmaceutical technology at Nagpur University, India, and conflict management at Sullivan University, Kentucky. With extensive experience in academia as well as industry, he has more than 100 publications, abstracts, and reviews, two patents, five books on nanotechnology, and two books on nutraceuticals to his credit. His areas of research include drug delivery systems and their characterization in animal models. Simon Benita, PhD, is Head of the School of Pharmacy, Director of the Institute for Drug Research, and Professor of the Faculty of Medicine at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He holds twenty-two patents and has written 143 journal papers and seventeen book chapters. Dr. Benita has also edited three other books.
CONTRIBUTORS xv PREFACE xix CHAPTER 1 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEMS: GENERAL REVIEW AND APPLICATIONS Navdeep Kaur, Karthikeyan
Subramani, and Yashwant Pathak 1 1 Historical Perspective 1 2 Antibodies 2
3 Antibody Mediation 3 4 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems 4 5
Applications 6 6 Recent Trends 9 7 Future Trends 10 CHAPTER 2
IMMUNOLIPOSOMES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR TARGETING Tatyana Levchenko, William
Hartner, and Vladimir P. Torchilin 13 1 Introduction 13 2 Immunoliposome
Targeting to Pathological Regions of the Vessel Wall 14 3 Liposome
Internalization by Endothelial Cells 15 4 Targeting of Atherosclerotic
Lesions for Tomographic Imaging 17 5 Antibody-Mediated Liposomes for
Diagnosis of Thrombosis 17 6 Thrombolytic Therapy with Immunoliposomes 18 7
Targeted Sealing of Cell Membrane Lesions: Preservation of Cell Viability
19 8 Accumulation of Liposomes and Immunoliposomes in the Ischemic Heart 21
9 Immunoliposomes as a Drug and Gene Delivery Vehicle to the Infarcted
Heart 26 CHAPTER 3 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR BREAST
CANCER THERAPEUTICS Leonor Munoz Alcivar and Yashwant Pathak 35 1
Introduction 35 2 Breast Cancer 35 3 Drug Delivery Systems 36 4 Monoclonal
Antibodies 37 5 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 40 6
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery System 43 7 Targets for the Treatment of
Breast Cancer 45 8 Breast Cancer Therapies 46 9 The Future of Breast Cancer
Therapeutics 49 10 Other Treatment Strategies 50 11 Nanotechnology 51 12
Conclusions 52 CHAPTER 4 DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNONCONJUGATES FOR IN VIVO
DELIVERY: CANCER DIAGNOSIS, IMAGING, AND THERAPY Arutselvan Natarajan 57 1
Introduction 57 2 Immunoconjugates 61 3 Immunoconjugates in Cancer Therapy
62 4 Immunoconjugates for Imaging 69 5 Immunoconjugates in Diagnostic
Applications 71 6 Immunoconjugates' Promising Future and Challenges 72 7
Summary 73 CHAPTER 5 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF ANTI-TNF THERAPIES AND THEIR
CORRELATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS Simeone Marino, Mohammad Fallahi-Sichani,
Jennifer J. Linderman, and Denise E. Kirschner 83 1 Introduction 83 2
Tuberculosis, TNF, and Anti-TNF Drugs 84 3 Theoretical Models To Study TB
Infection 88 4 Present and Future Work 96 CHAPTER 6 TARGETED NANOPARTICLES
IN RADIOTHERAPY Misty Muscarella and Yashwant Pathak 105 1 Introduction 105
2 Nanoparticles 106 3 Radiotherapy 110 4 Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy 111
5 Current and Future Developments with Nanotechnology in Radiotherapy 123 6
Conclusions 124 CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICALLY-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF DRUGS AND
CONJUGATES FOR CANCER TREATMENT Arutselvan Natarajan, Luca Campana, and
Raji Sundararajan 129 1 Introduction 129 2 Electroporation Mechanisms to
Permeabilize the Drugs and DNAs in Cells 130 3 Electroporation-Aided Drug
Delivery for Preclinical Studies 133 4 EP applications for Human Patient
Studies 136 5 Future Perspectives 138 6 Summary 139 CHAPTER 8
CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY VARIANTS AND GLYCOSYLATION Ting
Zheng, Srinivasa Rao, Jeff Rohrer, and Chris Pohl 145 1 Characterization of
Monoclonal Antibody Heterogeneity by HPLC Analysis 145 2 Analysis of
Monoclonal Antibody Glycosylation 150 CHAPTER 9 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR LYMPHATIC TARGETING TREATMENT Fang Wu, Hong Ding, and
Zhirong Zhang 169 1 Introduction 169 2 Lymphatic Disorders and Their Normal
Treatment 170 3 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Lymphatic
Targeting Treatment 172 4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 183 CHAPTER
10 METHODS FOR NANOPARTICLE CONJUGATION TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Junling Li
and Chin K. Ng 191 1 Introduction 191 2 Current Nanoparticle Systems used
for Conjugation with mAbs 191 3 Conjugation Methods 192 4 Conclusions 202
CHAPTER 11 SINGLE-USE SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL CELL-BASED BIOPRODUCTION William G.
Whitford 209 1 Introduction 209 2 Component Offerings 214 3 Characteristics
of Single-Use Systems and Their Applications 218 CHAPTER 12 IMMUNOLIPOSOMES
FOR SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY Manuela Calin 229 1 Introduction: Advances in
Liposome Formulation 229 2 Design of Immunoliposomes for Site-Specific Drug
Delivery 230 3 Cellular-Specific Targeting of Immunoliposomes 242 4
Cellular-Specific Internalization of Immunoliposomes 246 5 Immunoliposomes
in Diagnosis and Therapy 247 6 Clinical Use of Immunoliposomes 251 7
Conclusions and Perspectives 252 CHAPTER 13 GENE THERAPY TARGETING KIDNEY
DISEASES: ROUTES AND VEHICLES Yoshitaka Isaka, Yoshitsugu Takabatake, and
Hiromi Rakugi 267 1 Introduction 267 2 Rationale for Successful Gene
Targeting 268 3 Site-Specific Gene Delivery 268 4 Nuclear Import of Gene
Material 270 5 Targeting the Glomerulus 270 6 Targeting the Tubule 272 7
Targeting the Interstitium 274 8 Targeting Muscle 274 9 Conclusions 275
CHAPTER 14 DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) POLYMERS USING
DOUBLE-ANTIGEN-BRIDGING IMMUNOGENICITY ELISA Yijuan Liu, Helen Reidler,
Jing Pan, David Milunic, Dujie Qin, Dave Chen, Yli Remo Vallejo, and Ray
Yin 279 1 Introduction 279 2 Methods 280 3 Results 283 4 Discussion 286
CHAPTER 15 ANTIBODIES IN NANOMEDICINE AND MICROIMAGING METHODS Rakesh
Sharma 291 1 Introduction: Antibody Molecules and Nanoparticles 291 2
Antibody-Based Nanoparticles in Microimaging 292 3 Troponin T: Newer
Magnetic Immunoassay Method 317 4 Gold Nanoparticles as an Antigen Carrier
and Adjuvant 330 5 Immunochemical Biosensors, Nanomedicine, and Disease 339
6 Future Directions and Conclusions 341 CHAPTER 16 METHODS FOR POLYMERIC
NANOPARTICLE CONJUGATION TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Uyen Minh Le, Hieu Tran,
and Yashwant Pathak 351 1 Introduction 351 2 Conjugation of mAb and
Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles 353 3 Conjugation of mAb to
Poly(Lactide-CO-Glycolide) Nanoparticles 357 4 Conjugation of mAb to
Poly(Lactic Acid) and its Derivatives 359 5 Conjugation of mAb to Other
Polymeric Nanoparticles 360 6 Summary 361 CHAPTER 17 PLANT-DERIVED
ANTIBODIES FOR ACADEMIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS Slavko
Komarnytsky and Nikolai Borisjuk 365 1 Historical Perspective 365 2
Plant-Based Production of Recombinant Proteins 366 3 Expression in an
Entire Plant Versus a Plant Organ 367 4 ER Targeting and Secretion of
Recombinant Proteins 368 5 Expression in Seeds 370 6 Transient Expression
371 7 Glycosylation 373 8 Recent Examples of Plant-Derived Antibodies
Effective in Mammalian Systems 375 9 Conclusions 376 CHAPTER 18 MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES AS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS Girish J. Kotwal 383 1 Historical
Perspective 383 2 Introduction 384 3 Structure and Types of mAbs 385 4
Mechanism of Action 385 5 FDA-approved mAb Biopharmaceuticals in Current
Use 386 6 Future of Monoclonal Antibodies as Biopharmaceuticals 389 CHAPTER
19 PULMONARY TARGETING OF NANOPARTICLES AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Weiyuan
Chang 391 1 Introduction 391 2 Attributes of mAbs as Therapeutics for
Pulmonary Diseases 392 3 Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticles for Lung
Targeting 393 4 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Asthma 394 5
Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of COPD 398 6 Challenges in
Pulmonary Disease 400 7 Conclusions 402 CHAPTER 20 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED
ARTHRITIS AND NEW THERAPEUTIC AVENUES Kutty Selva Nandakumar 407 1
Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis 407 2 Role of Cartilage
Antigen-Specific Antibodies in Inducing Arthritis 408 3 Arthritis Mediation
Through Antibodies Recognizing Citrullinated Antigens 413 4 Regulation at
the Effector Level 414 5 Cartilage Damage Independent of Inflammatory
Mediators 414 6 pathogenicity of GPI-Specific Antibodies 415 7 Therapeutic
Cleavage of Arthritogenic Antibodies 415 8 Arthritis Attenuation Though
Removal of Specific Sugars on IgG 417 CHAPTER 21 IMMUNONANOPARTICLES FOR
NUCLEAR IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY Oren Giladi and Simon Benita 427 1
Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals 427 2 Radiolabeled Antibodies 432 3
Radiolabeled Nanoparticles 437 4 Future Perspectives and Conclusions 449
CHAPTER 22 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN THE TREATMENT OF ASTHMA Glenn J. Whelan
457 1 Introduction 457 2 IgE 458 3 TNFalpha 460 4 IL-5 462 5 IL-9 464 6
IL-4 and IL-13 465 7 Targeting the T-cell 467 8 Conclusions 468 References
469 INDEX 473
SYSTEMS: GENERAL REVIEW AND APPLICATIONS Navdeep Kaur, Karthikeyan
Subramani, and Yashwant Pathak 1 1 Historical Perspective 1 2 Antibodies 2
3 Antibody Mediation 3 4 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems 4 5
Applications 6 6 Recent Trends 9 7 Future Trends 10 CHAPTER 2
IMMUNOLIPOSOMES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR TARGETING Tatyana Levchenko, William
Hartner, and Vladimir P. Torchilin 13 1 Introduction 13 2 Immunoliposome
Targeting to Pathological Regions of the Vessel Wall 14 3 Liposome
Internalization by Endothelial Cells 15 4 Targeting of Atherosclerotic
Lesions for Tomographic Imaging 17 5 Antibody-Mediated Liposomes for
Diagnosis of Thrombosis 17 6 Thrombolytic Therapy with Immunoliposomes 18 7
Targeted Sealing of Cell Membrane Lesions: Preservation of Cell Viability
19 8 Accumulation of Liposomes and Immunoliposomes in the Ischemic Heart 21
9 Immunoliposomes as a Drug and Gene Delivery Vehicle to the Infarcted
Heart 26 CHAPTER 3 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR BREAST
CANCER THERAPEUTICS Leonor Munoz Alcivar and Yashwant Pathak 35 1
Introduction 35 2 Breast Cancer 35 3 Drug Delivery Systems 36 4 Monoclonal
Antibodies 37 5 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 40 6
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery System 43 7 Targets for the Treatment of
Breast Cancer 45 8 Breast Cancer Therapies 46 9 The Future of Breast Cancer
Therapeutics 49 10 Other Treatment Strategies 50 11 Nanotechnology 51 12
Conclusions 52 CHAPTER 4 DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNONCONJUGATES FOR IN VIVO
DELIVERY: CANCER DIAGNOSIS, IMAGING, AND THERAPY Arutselvan Natarajan 57 1
Introduction 57 2 Immunoconjugates 61 3 Immunoconjugates in Cancer Therapy
62 4 Immunoconjugates for Imaging 69 5 Immunoconjugates in Diagnostic
Applications 71 6 Immunoconjugates' Promising Future and Challenges 72 7
Summary 73 CHAPTER 5 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF ANTI-TNF THERAPIES AND THEIR
CORRELATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS Simeone Marino, Mohammad Fallahi-Sichani,
Jennifer J. Linderman, and Denise E. Kirschner 83 1 Introduction 83 2
Tuberculosis, TNF, and Anti-TNF Drugs 84 3 Theoretical Models To Study TB
Infection 88 4 Present and Future Work 96 CHAPTER 6 TARGETED NANOPARTICLES
IN RADIOTHERAPY Misty Muscarella and Yashwant Pathak 105 1 Introduction 105
2 Nanoparticles 106 3 Radiotherapy 110 4 Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy 111
5 Current and Future Developments with Nanotechnology in Radiotherapy 123 6
Conclusions 124 CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICALLY-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF DRUGS AND
CONJUGATES FOR CANCER TREATMENT Arutselvan Natarajan, Luca Campana, and
Raji Sundararajan 129 1 Introduction 129 2 Electroporation Mechanisms to
Permeabilize the Drugs and DNAs in Cells 130 3 Electroporation-Aided Drug
Delivery for Preclinical Studies 133 4 EP applications for Human Patient
Studies 136 5 Future Perspectives 138 6 Summary 139 CHAPTER 8
CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY VARIANTS AND GLYCOSYLATION Ting
Zheng, Srinivasa Rao, Jeff Rohrer, and Chris Pohl 145 1 Characterization of
Monoclonal Antibody Heterogeneity by HPLC Analysis 145 2 Analysis of
Monoclonal Antibody Glycosylation 150 CHAPTER 9 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR LYMPHATIC TARGETING TREATMENT Fang Wu, Hong Ding, and
Zhirong Zhang 169 1 Introduction 169 2 Lymphatic Disorders and Their Normal
Treatment 170 3 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Lymphatic
Targeting Treatment 172 4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 183 CHAPTER
10 METHODS FOR NANOPARTICLE CONJUGATION TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Junling Li
and Chin K. Ng 191 1 Introduction 191 2 Current Nanoparticle Systems used
for Conjugation with mAbs 191 3 Conjugation Methods 192 4 Conclusions 202
CHAPTER 11 SINGLE-USE SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL CELL-BASED BIOPRODUCTION William G.
Whitford 209 1 Introduction 209 2 Component Offerings 214 3 Characteristics
of Single-Use Systems and Their Applications 218 CHAPTER 12 IMMUNOLIPOSOMES
FOR SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY Manuela Calin 229 1 Introduction: Advances in
Liposome Formulation 229 2 Design of Immunoliposomes for Site-Specific Drug
Delivery 230 3 Cellular-Specific Targeting of Immunoliposomes 242 4
Cellular-Specific Internalization of Immunoliposomes 246 5 Immunoliposomes
in Diagnosis and Therapy 247 6 Clinical Use of Immunoliposomes 251 7
Conclusions and Perspectives 252 CHAPTER 13 GENE THERAPY TARGETING KIDNEY
DISEASES: ROUTES AND VEHICLES Yoshitaka Isaka, Yoshitsugu Takabatake, and
Hiromi Rakugi 267 1 Introduction 267 2 Rationale for Successful Gene
Targeting 268 3 Site-Specific Gene Delivery 268 4 Nuclear Import of Gene
Material 270 5 Targeting the Glomerulus 270 6 Targeting the Tubule 272 7
Targeting the Interstitium 274 8 Targeting Muscle 274 9 Conclusions 275
CHAPTER 14 DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) POLYMERS USING
DOUBLE-ANTIGEN-BRIDGING IMMUNOGENICITY ELISA Yijuan Liu, Helen Reidler,
Jing Pan, David Milunic, Dujie Qin, Dave Chen, Yli Remo Vallejo, and Ray
Yin 279 1 Introduction 279 2 Methods 280 3 Results 283 4 Discussion 286
CHAPTER 15 ANTIBODIES IN NANOMEDICINE AND MICROIMAGING METHODS Rakesh
Sharma 291 1 Introduction: Antibody Molecules and Nanoparticles 291 2
Antibody-Based Nanoparticles in Microimaging 292 3 Troponin T: Newer
Magnetic Immunoassay Method 317 4 Gold Nanoparticles as an Antigen Carrier
and Adjuvant 330 5 Immunochemical Biosensors, Nanomedicine, and Disease 339
6 Future Directions and Conclusions 341 CHAPTER 16 METHODS FOR POLYMERIC
NANOPARTICLE CONJUGATION TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Uyen Minh Le, Hieu Tran,
and Yashwant Pathak 351 1 Introduction 351 2 Conjugation of mAb and
Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles 353 3 Conjugation of mAb to
Poly(Lactide-CO-Glycolide) Nanoparticles 357 4 Conjugation of mAb to
Poly(Lactic Acid) and its Derivatives 359 5 Conjugation of mAb to Other
Polymeric Nanoparticles 360 6 Summary 361 CHAPTER 17 PLANT-DERIVED
ANTIBODIES FOR ACADEMIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS Slavko
Komarnytsky and Nikolai Borisjuk 365 1 Historical Perspective 365 2
Plant-Based Production of Recombinant Proteins 366 3 Expression in an
Entire Plant Versus a Plant Organ 367 4 ER Targeting and Secretion of
Recombinant Proteins 368 5 Expression in Seeds 370 6 Transient Expression
371 7 Glycosylation 373 8 Recent Examples of Plant-Derived Antibodies
Effective in Mammalian Systems 375 9 Conclusions 376 CHAPTER 18 MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES AS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS Girish J. Kotwal 383 1 Historical
Perspective 383 2 Introduction 384 3 Structure and Types of mAbs 385 4
Mechanism of Action 385 5 FDA-approved mAb Biopharmaceuticals in Current
Use 386 6 Future of Monoclonal Antibodies as Biopharmaceuticals 389 CHAPTER
19 PULMONARY TARGETING OF NANOPARTICLES AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Weiyuan
Chang 391 1 Introduction 391 2 Attributes of mAbs as Therapeutics for
Pulmonary Diseases 392 3 Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticles for Lung
Targeting 393 4 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Asthma 394 5
Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of COPD 398 6 Challenges in
Pulmonary Disease 400 7 Conclusions 402 CHAPTER 20 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED
ARTHRITIS AND NEW THERAPEUTIC AVENUES Kutty Selva Nandakumar 407 1
Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis 407 2 Role of Cartilage
Antigen-Specific Antibodies in Inducing Arthritis 408 3 Arthritis Mediation
Through Antibodies Recognizing Citrullinated Antigens 413 4 Regulation at
the Effector Level 414 5 Cartilage Damage Independent of Inflammatory
Mediators 414 6 pathogenicity of GPI-Specific Antibodies 415 7 Therapeutic
Cleavage of Arthritogenic Antibodies 415 8 Arthritis Attenuation Though
Removal of Specific Sugars on IgG 417 CHAPTER 21 IMMUNONANOPARTICLES FOR
NUCLEAR IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY Oren Giladi and Simon Benita 427 1
Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals 427 2 Radiolabeled Antibodies 432 3
Radiolabeled Nanoparticles 437 4 Future Perspectives and Conclusions 449
CHAPTER 22 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN THE TREATMENT OF ASTHMA Glenn J. Whelan
457 1 Introduction 457 2 IgE 458 3 TNFalpha 460 4 IL-5 462 5 IL-9 464 6
IL-4 and IL-13 465 7 Targeting the T-cell 467 8 Conclusions 468 References
469 INDEX 473
CONTRIBUTORS xv PREFACE xix CHAPTER 1 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEMS: GENERAL REVIEW AND APPLICATIONS Navdeep Kaur, Karthikeyan
Subramani, and Yashwant Pathak 1 1 Historical Perspective 1 2 Antibodies 2
3 Antibody Mediation 3 4 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems 4 5
Applications 6 6 Recent Trends 9 7 Future Trends 10 CHAPTER 2
IMMUNOLIPOSOMES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR TARGETING Tatyana Levchenko, William
Hartner, and Vladimir P. Torchilin 13 1 Introduction 13 2 Immunoliposome
Targeting to Pathological Regions of the Vessel Wall 14 3 Liposome
Internalization by Endothelial Cells 15 4 Targeting of Atherosclerotic
Lesions for Tomographic Imaging 17 5 Antibody-Mediated Liposomes for
Diagnosis of Thrombosis 17 6 Thrombolytic Therapy with Immunoliposomes 18 7
Targeted Sealing of Cell Membrane Lesions: Preservation of Cell Viability
19 8 Accumulation of Liposomes and Immunoliposomes in the Ischemic Heart 21
9 Immunoliposomes as a Drug and Gene Delivery Vehicle to the Infarcted
Heart 26 CHAPTER 3 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR BREAST
CANCER THERAPEUTICS Leonor Munoz Alcivar and Yashwant Pathak 35 1
Introduction 35 2 Breast Cancer 35 3 Drug Delivery Systems 36 4 Monoclonal
Antibodies 37 5 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 40 6
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery System 43 7 Targets for the Treatment of
Breast Cancer 45 8 Breast Cancer Therapies 46 9 The Future of Breast Cancer
Therapeutics 49 10 Other Treatment Strategies 50 11 Nanotechnology 51 12
Conclusions 52 CHAPTER 4 DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNONCONJUGATES FOR IN VIVO
DELIVERY: CANCER DIAGNOSIS, IMAGING, AND THERAPY Arutselvan Natarajan 57 1
Introduction 57 2 Immunoconjugates 61 3 Immunoconjugates in Cancer Therapy
62 4 Immunoconjugates for Imaging 69 5 Immunoconjugates in Diagnostic
Applications 71 6 Immunoconjugates' Promising Future and Challenges 72 7
Summary 73 CHAPTER 5 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF ANTI-TNF THERAPIES AND THEIR
CORRELATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS Simeone Marino, Mohammad Fallahi-Sichani,
Jennifer J. Linderman, and Denise E. Kirschner 83 1 Introduction 83 2
Tuberculosis, TNF, and Anti-TNF Drugs 84 3 Theoretical Models To Study TB
Infection 88 4 Present and Future Work 96 CHAPTER 6 TARGETED NANOPARTICLES
IN RADIOTHERAPY Misty Muscarella and Yashwant Pathak 105 1 Introduction 105
2 Nanoparticles 106 3 Radiotherapy 110 4 Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy 111
5 Current and Future Developments with Nanotechnology in Radiotherapy 123 6
Conclusions 124 CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICALLY-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF DRUGS AND
CONJUGATES FOR CANCER TREATMENT Arutselvan Natarajan, Luca Campana, and
Raji Sundararajan 129 1 Introduction 129 2 Electroporation Mechanisms to
Permeabilize the Drugs and DNAs in Cells 130 3 Electroporation-Aided Drug
Delivery for Preclinical Studies 133 4 EP applications for Human Patient
Studies 136 5 Future Perspectives 138 6 Summary 139 CHAPTER 8
CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY VARIANTS AND GLYCOSYLATION Ting
Zheng, Srinivasa Rao, Jeff Rohrer, and Chris Pohl 145 1 Characterization of
Monoclonal Antibody Heterogeneity by HPLC Analysis 145 2 Analysis of
Monoclonal Antibody Glycosylation 150 CHAPTER 9 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR LYMPHATIC TARGETING TREATMENT Fang Wu, Hong Ding, and
Zhirong Zhang 169 1 Introduction 169 2 Lymphatic Disorders and Their Normal
Treatment 170 3 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Lymphatic
Targeting Treatment 172 4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 183 CHAPTER
10 METHODS FOR NANOPARTICLE CONJUGATION TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Junling Li
and Chin K. Ng 191 1 Introduction 191 2 Current Nanoparticle Systems used
for Conjugation with mAbs 191 3 Conjugation Methods 192 4 Conclusions 202
CHAPTER 11 SINGLE-USE SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL CELL-BASED BIOPRODUCTION William G.
Whitford 209 1 Introduction 209 2 Component Offerings 214 3 Characteristics
of Single-Use Systems and Their Applications 218 CHAPTER 12 IMMUNOLIPOSOMES
FOR SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY Manuela Calin 229 1 Introduction: Advances in
Liposome Formulation 229 2 Design of Immunoliposomes for Site-Specific Drug
Delivery 230 3 Cellular-Specific Targeting of Immunoliposomes 242 4
Cellular-Specific Internalization of Immunoliposomes 246 5 Immunoliposomes
in Diagnosis and Therapy 247 6 Clinical Use of Immunoliposomes 251 7
Conclusions and Perspectives 252 CHAPTER 13 GENE THERAPY TARGETING KIDNEY
DISEASES: ROUTES AND VEHICLES Yoshitaka Isaka, Yoshitsugu Takabatake, and
Hiromi Rakugi 267 1 Introduction 267 2 Rationale for Successful Gene
Targeting 268 3 Site-Specific Gene Delivery 268 4 Nuclear Import of Gene
Material 270 5 Targeting the Glomerulus 270 6 Targeting the Tubule 272 7
Targeting the Interstitium 274 8 Targeting Muscle 274 9 Conclusions 275
CHAPTER 14 DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) POLYMERS USING
DOUBLE-ANTIGEN-BRIDGING IMMUNOGENICITY ELISA Yijuan Liu, Helen Reidler,
Jing Pan, David Milunic, Dujie Qin, Dave Chen, Yli Remo Vallejo, and Ray
Yin 279 1 Introduction 279 2 Methods 280 3 Results 283 4 Discussion 286
CHAPTER 15 ANTIBODIES IN NANOMEDICINE AND MICROIMAGING METHODS Rakesh
Sharma 291 1 Introduction: Antibody Molecules and Nanoparticles 291 2
Antibody-Based Nanoparticles in Microimaging 292 3 Troponin T: Newer
Magnetic Immunoassay Method 317 4 Gold Nanoparticles as an Antigen Carrier
and Adjuvant 330 5 Immunochemical Biosensors, Nanomedicine, and Disease 339
6 Future Directions and Conclusions 341 CHAPTER 16 METHODS FOR POLYMERIC
NANOPARTICLE CONJUGATION TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Uyen Minh Le, Hieu Tran,
and Yashwant Pathak 351 1 Introduction 351 2 Conjugation of mAb and
Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles 353 3 Conjugation of mAb to
Poly(Lactide-CO-Glycolide) Nanoparticles 357 4 Conjugation of mAb to
Poly(Lactic Acid) and its Derivatives 359 5 Conjugation of mAb to Other
Polymeric Nanoparticles 360 6 Summary 361 CHAPTER 17 PLANT-DERIVED
ANTIBODIES FOR ACADEMIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS Slavko
Komarnytsky and Nikolai Borisjuk 365 1 Historical Perspective 365 2
Plant-Based Production of Recombinant Proteins 366 3 Expression in an
Entire Plant Versus a Plant Organ 367 4 ER Targeting and Secretion of
Recombinant Proteins 368 5 Expression in Seeds 370 6 Transient Expression
371 7 Glycosylation 373 8 Recent Examples of Plant-Derived Antibodies
Effective in Mammalian Systems 375 9 Conclusions 376 CHAPTER 18 MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES AS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS Girish J. Kotwal 383 1 Historical
Perspective 383 2 Introduction 384 3 Structure and Types of mAbs 385 4
Mechanism of Action 385 5 FDA-approved mAb Biopharmaceuticals in Current
Use 386 6 Future of Monoclonal Antibodies as Biopharmaceuticals 389 CHAPTER
19 PULMONARY TARGETING OF NANOPARTICLES AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Weiyuan
Chang 391 1 Introduction 391 2 Attributes of mAbs as Therapeutics for
Pulmonary Diseases 392 3 Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticles for Lung
Targeting 393 4 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Asthma 394 5
Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of COPD 398 6 Challenges in
Pulmonary Disease 400 7 Conclusions 402 CHAPTER 20 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED
ARTHRITIS AND NEW THERAPEUTIC AVENUES Kutty Selva Nandakumar 407 1
Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis 407 2 Role of Cartilage
Antigen-Specific Antibodies in Inducing Arthritis 408 3 Arthritis Mediation
Through Antibodies Recognizing Citrullinated Antigens 413 4 Regulation at
the Effector Level 414 5 Cartilage Damage Independent of Inflammatory
Mediators 414 6 pathogenicity of GPI-Specific Antibodies 415 7 Therapeutic
Cleavage of Arthritogenic Antibodies 415 8 Arthritis Attenuation Though
Removal of Specific Sugars on IgG 417 CHAPTER 21 IMMUNONANOPARTICLES FOR
NUCLEAR IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY Oren Giladi and Simon Benita 427 1
Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals 427 2 Radiolabeled Antibodies 432 3
Radiolabeled Nanoparticles 437 4 Future Perspectives and Conclusions 449
CHAPTER 22 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN THE TREATMENT OF ASTHMA Glenn J. Whelan
457 1 Introduction 457 2 IgE 458 3 TNFalpha 460 4 IL-5 462 5 IL-9 464 6
IL-4 and IL-13 465 7 Targeting the T-cell 467 8 Conclusions 468 References
469 INDEX 473
SYSTEMS: GENERAL REVIEW AND APPLICATIONS Navdeep Kaur, Karthikeyan
Subramani, and Yashwant Pathak 1 1 Historical Perspective 1 2 Antibodies 2
3 Antibody Mediation 3 4 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems 4 5
Applications 6 6 Recent Trends 9 7 Future Trends 10 CHAPTER 2
IMMUNOLIPOSOMES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR TARGETING Tatyana Levchenko, William
Hartner, and Vladimir P. Torchilin 13 1 Introduction 13 2 Immunoliposome
Targeting to Pathological Regions of the Vessel Wall 14 3 Liposome
Internalization by Endothelial Cells 15 4 Targeting of Atherosclerotic
Lesions for Tomographic Imaging 17 5 Antibody-Mediated Liposomes for
Diagnosis of Thrombosis 17 6 Thrombolytic Therapy with Immunoliposomes 18 7
Targeted Sealing of Cell Membrane Lesions: Preservation of Cell Viability
19 8 Accumulation of Liposomes and Immunoliposomes in the Ischemic Heart 21
9 Immunoliposomes as a Drug and Gene Delivery Vehicle to the Infarcted
Heart 26 CHAPTER 3 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR BREAST
CANCER THERAPEUTICS Leonor Munoz Alcivar and Yashwant Pathak 35 1
Introduction 35 2 Breast Cancer 35 3 Drug Delivery Systems 36 4 Monoclonal
Antibodies 37 5 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 40 6
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery System 43 7 Targets for the Treatment of
Breast Cancer 45 8 Breast Cancer Therapies 46 9 The Future of Breast Cancer
Therapeutics 49 10 Other Treatment Strategies 50 11 Nanotechnology 51 12
Conclusions 52 CHAPTER 4 DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNONCONJUGATES FOR IN VIVO
DELIVERY: CANCER DIAGNOSIS, IMAGING, AND THERAPY Arutselvan Natarajan 57 1
Introduction 57 2 Immunoconjugates 61 3 Immunoconjugates in Cancer Therapy
62 4 Immunoconjugates for Imaging 69 5 Immunoconjugates in Diagnostic
Applications 71 6 Immunoconjugates' Promising Future and Challenges 72 7
Summary 73 CHAPTER 5 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF ANTI-TNF THERAPIES AND THEIR
CORRELATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS Simeone Marino, Mohammad Fallahi-Sichani,
Jennifer J. Linderman, and Denise E. Kirschner 83 1 Introduction 83 2
Tuberculosis, TNF, and Anti-TNF Drugs 84 3 Theoretical Models To Study TB
Infection 88 4 Present and Future Work 96 CHAPTER 6 TARGETED NANOPARTICLES
IN RADIOTHERAPY Misty Muscarella and Yashwant Pathak 105 1 Introduction 105
2 Nanoparticles 106 3 Radiotherapy 110 4 Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy 111
5 Current and Future Developments with Nanotechnology in Radiotherapy 123 6
Conclusions 124 CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICALLY-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF DRUGS AND
CONJUGATES FOR CANCER TREATMENT Arutselvan Natarajan, Luca Campana, and
Raji Sundararajan 129 1 Introduction 129 2 Electroporation Mechanisms to
Permeabilize the Drugs and DNAs in Cells 130 3 Electroporation-Aided Drug
Delivery for Preclinical Studies 133 4 EP applications for Human Patient
Studies 136 5 Future Perspectives 138 6 Summary 139 CHAPTER 8
CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY VARIANTS AND GLYCOSYLATION Ting
Zheng, Srinivasa Rao, Jeff Rohrer, and Chris Pohl 145 1 Characterization of
Monoclonal Antibody Heterogeneity by HPLC Analysis 145 2 Analysis of
Monoclonal Antibody Glycosylation 150 CHAPTER 9 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR LYMPHATIC TARGETING TREATMENT Fang Wu, Hong Ding, and
Zhirong Zhang 169 1 Introduction 169 2 Lymphatic Disorders and Their Normal
Treatment 170 3 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Lymphatic
Targeting Treatment 172 4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 183 CHAPTER
10 METHODS FOR NANOPARTICLE CONJUGATION TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Junling Li
and Chin K. Ng 191 1 Introduction 191 2 Current Nanoparticle Systems used
for Conjugation with mAbs 191 3 Conjugation Methods 192 4 Conclusions 202
CHAPTER 11 SINGLE-USE SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL CELL-BASED BIOPRODUCTION William G.
Whitford 209 1 Introduction 209 2 Component Offerings 214 3 Characteristics
of Single-Use Systems and Their Applications 218 CHAPTER 12 IMMUNOLIPOSOMES
FOR SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY Manuela Calin 229 1 Introduction: Advances in
Liposome Formulation 229 2 Design of Immunoliposomes for Site-Specific Drug
Delivery 230 3 Cellular-Specific Targeting of Immunoliposomes 242 4
Cellular-Specific Internalization of Immunoliposomes 246 5 Immunoliposomes
in Diagnosis and Therapy 247 6 Clinical Use of Immunoliposomes 251 7
Conclusions and Perspectives 252 CHAPTER 13 GENE THERAPY TARGETING KIDNEY
DISEASES: ROUTES AND VEHICLES Yoshitaka Isaka, Yoshitsugu Takabatake, and
Hiromi Rakugi 267 1 Introduction 267 2 Rationale for Successful Gene
Targeting 268 3 Site-Specific Gene Delivery 268 4 Nuclear Import of Gene
Material 270 5 Targeting the Glomerulus 270 6 Targeting the Tubule 272 7
Targeting the Interstitium 274 8 Targeting Muscle 274 9 Conclusions 275
CHAPTER 14 DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) POLYMERS USING
DOUBLE-ANTIGEN-BRIDGING IMMUNOGENICITY ELISA Yijuan Liu, Helen Reidler,
Jing Pan, David Milunic, Dujie Qin, Dave Chen, Yli Remo Vallejo, and Ray
Yin 279 1 Introduction 279 2 Methods 280 3 Results 283 4 Discussion 286
CHAPTER 15 ANTIBODIES IN NANOMEDICINE AND MICROIMAGING METHODS Rakesh
Sharma 291 1 Introduction: Antibody Molecules and Nanoparticles 291 2
Antibody-Based Nanoparticles in Microimaging 292 3 Troponin T: Newer
Magnetic Immunoassay Method 317 4 Gold Nanoparticles as an Antigen Carrier
and Adjuvant 330 5 Immunochemical Biosensors, Nanomedicine, and Disease 339
6 Future Directions and Conclusions 341 CHAPTER 16 METHODS FOR POLYMERIC
NANOPARTICLE CONJUGATION TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Uyen Minh Le, Hieu Tran,
and Yashwant Pathak 351 1 Introduction 351 2 Conjugation of mAb and
Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles 353 3 Conjugation of mAb to
Poly(Lactide-CO-Glycolide) Nanoparticles 357 4 Conjugation of mAb to
Poly(Lactic Acid) and its Derivatives 359 5 Conjugation of mAb to Other
Polymeric Nanoparticles 360 6 Summary 361 CHAPTER 17 PLANT-DERIVED
ANTIBODIES FOR ACADEMIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS Slavko
Komarnytsky and Nikolai Borisjuk 365 1 Historical Perspective 365 2
Plant-Based Production of Recombinant Proteins 366 3 Expression in an
Entire Plant Versus a Plant Organ 367 4 ER Targeting and Secretion of
Recombinant Proteins 368 5 Expression in Seeds 370 6 Transient Expression
371 7 Glycosylation 373 8 Recent Examples of Plant-Derived Antibodies
Effective in Mammalian Systems 375 9 Conclusions 376 CHAPTER 18 MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES AS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS Girish J. Kotwal 383 1 Historical
Perspective 383 2 Introduction 384 3 Structure and Types of mAbs 385 4
Mechanism of Action 385 5 FDA-approved mAb Biopharmaceuticals in Current
Use 386 6 Future of Monoclonal Antibodies as Biopharmaceuticals 389 CHAPTER
19 PULMONARY TARGETING OF NANOPARTICLES AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES Weiyuan
Chang 391 1 Introduction 391 2 Attributes of mAbs as Therapeutics for
Pulmonary Diseases 392 3 Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticles for Lung
Targeting 393 4 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Asthma 394 5
Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of COPD 398 6 Challenges in
Pulmonary Disease 400 7 Conclusions 402 CHAPTER 20 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED
ARTHRITIS AND NEW THERAPEUTIC AVENUES Kutty Selva Nandakumar 407 1
Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis 407 2 Role of Cartilage
Antigen-Specific Antibodies in Inducing Arthritis 408 3 Arthritis Mediation
Through Antibodies Recognizing Citrullinated Antigens 413 4 Regulation at
the Effector Level 414 5 Cartilage Damage Independent of Inflammatory
Mediators 414 6 pathogenicity of GPI-Specific Antibodies 415 7 Therapeutic
Cleavage of Arthritogenic Antibodies 415 8 Arthritis Attenuation Though
Removal of Specific Sugars on IgG 417 CHAPTER 21 IMMUNONANOPARTICLES FOR
NUCLEAR IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY Oren Giladi and Simon Benita 427 1
Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals 427 2 Radiolabeled Antibodies 432 3
Radiolabeled Nanoparticles 437 4 Future Perspectives and Conclusions 449
CHAPTER 22 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN THE TREATMENT OF ASTHMA Glenn J. Whelan
457 1 Introduction 457 2 IgE 458 3 TNFalpha 460 4 IL-5 462 5 IL-9 464 6
IL-4 and IL-13 465 7 Targeting the T-cell 467 8 Conclusions 468 References
469 INDEX 473