In the last 50 years, neuroscience has made significant advances in the understanding of neural processes. The creation and development of various methods of examining the functioning of the nervous system has given neuroscientists many opportunities to investigate and answer questions such as how changes in the brain lead to disease or what makes the human brain unique. In the rest of this article, we have explained the science of neuroscience and neuroscience and its various branches that deal with research on the functioning of the brain. Understanding the dynamic complexity of the nervous system is a research challenge in the world of science. The analysis of the nervous system includes several levels from the cellular and molecular domain to the systemic, computational and cognitive examination of the brain. The specific topics that form the main focus of neuroscience research will change over time, and data and results will be added to with increasing knowledge and the creation of new methods and technologies.