First published in 2000. This is Volume VI of six of the Oriental series looking at Arabic History and Culture. It was written in 1922, and the following text traces the transmission of Hellenistic thought through the medium of Muslim philosophers and Jewish thinkers who lived in Muslim surroundings, to show how this thought, modified as it passed through a period of development in the Muslim community and itself modifying Islamic ideas, was brought to bear upon the culture of Mediaeval Latin Christendom.