This is an integrative review with the guiding question: "What are the main problems related to arboviruses and what alternative do essential oils represent?".Bibliographic searches were conducted from January to March 2021 by electronically searching the following databases: Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), and Virtual Health Library (BVS). The publications were analyzed and interpreted, and at the end of the analysis and description of the studies, the discussion of the results found and the synthesis of the knowledge obtained through this study were made. It is concluded that alternatives are needed for the use of essential oils in the control of arboviruses, since conventional methods cause vector resistance in addition to environmental damage. Therefore, according to the literature, nanotechnology is an alternative to potentiate this potential in EOs.