This is an integrative review with the guiding research question: "What are the main problems in the context of arboviruses and what alternative do essential oils represent?".The bibliographic research was carried out from January to March 2021, through an electronic search in the following databases: Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and Virtual Health Library (BVS). The publications were analyzed and interpreted. At the end of the analysis and description of the study, the discussion of the results found and the synthesis of the knowledge produced through this study. Thus, there is a need for alternatives for the use of essential oils in the control of arboviruses, since conventional methods cause vector resistance, in addition to damage to the environment. According to the literature, nanotechnology is an alternative for the potentialization of this potential in EO's.