Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Archimedes'' cattle problem (or the problema bovinum or problema Archimedis) is a problem in Diophantine analysis, the study of polynomial equations with integer solutions. Attributed to Archimedes, the problem involves computing the number of cattle in a herd of the sun god from a given set of restrictions. The problem was discovered by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in a Greek manuscript containing a poem of forty-four lines, in the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel, Germany in 1773. The problem remained unsolved for a number of years, due partly to the difficulty of computing the huge numbers involved in the solution.