In the course of the last two centuries, the way in which production is organised has changed considerably. In the process, it is observable that Taylorism is once again gaining more relevance and is penetrating into other areas, such as knowledge work. In this book, the origins of the Taylor system and its significance are discussed. In addition, it describes how the concept of Taylorism changed and what influence it had and still has today on the organization of production companies. First, the working conditions of the time when the system was created and Taylor's life itself will be discussed, but also how the reception of the trade unions affected the reputation of the system and whether the criticisms were justified. Later, the development of Taylorism, the origins of the term and its various meanings will be examined. Finally, the significance in the 21st century is explained and to what extent Taylorism is related to digitalization.