Sehoya Cotner, Randy Moore

Arguing for Evolution

An Encyclopedia for Understanding Science

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This timely encyclopedia presents an arsenal of evidence for evolution that goes beyond the typical textbook examples. Arguing for Evolution: An Encyclopedia for Understanding Science provides readers with a single source for the scientific evidence supporting evolution. The book shows how scientists have tested the predictions of evolutionary theory and created an unshakeable foundation of evidence supporting its truth. As such, it demonstrates how evolution serves as a case study for understanding the scientific method and presents a logical model for scientific inquiry. The evidence for evolution is presented historically and topically in an accessible, example-rich, and logical format, using an arsenal of examples that goes beyond the typical textbook matter. The chapters are structured around a series of hypotheses that the authors put to the test, amassing evidence on fossils, comparative anatomy, molecules, and evolutionary biology in order to conclude that evolution is scientific fact. Learning about this fascinating field is enhanced through "see for yourself" examples that include original data and figures from key historical and contemporary papers in evolutionary biology.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Greenwood
• Seitenzahl: 346
• Erscheinungstermin: 15. August 2011
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 260mm x 183mm x 23mm
• Gewicht: 848g
• ISBN-13: 9780313359477
• ISBN-10: 0313359474
• Artikelnr.: 31302070

Autorenporträt

Sehoya H. Cotner, Randy Moore

Inhaltsangabe

Quick A-Z Guide to the Evidence Acknowledgments Introduction: Evolution as
a Predictive Science 1 Understanding the Natural World: Evolution and the
Process of Science Definitions of Science and Scientific Theory Definition
of Evolution How Evolution Occurs Adaptation and Natural Selection Natural
Selection and Fitness Proximate versus Ultimate Causation Products of
Evolution Transitional Forms Complexity Extinction Artificial Selection
Adaptive Radiation Homologous and Analogous Features Exaptations Vestigial
Traits Evolution in Action: The Modern Threat of Antibiotic Resistance
Summary 2 Age of Earth Prediction Theories of Earth's Age Scriptural Claims
about Earth's Age Using Seas and Salt to Estimate Earth's Age
Sedimentation Rates as a Measure of Time Geological Formations as Evidence
of Earth's History Earth's Age as a Function of Temperature Radioactivity
and Radiometric Dating Radioactivity Radiometric Dating What Isotopes Occur
in Nature? Using Radioactivity to Determine the Ages of Rocks Other
Radiometric Methods Fission-Track Dating Thermoluminescence Paleomagnetism
Creationists' Claims about Radiometric Dating The Age of Earth Summary 3
Fossils Predictions We See Direct Evidence of the History of Life on Earth
How and Where Do Fossils Form? Is the Fossil Record Complete? The Fossil
Record Can Be Matched with Geologic Evidence to Describe the History of
Life on Earth Fossils in the Sediments and Biostratigraphy Creationists'
Objections to Biostratigraphy Fossilized Invertebrates Evolutionary
Lineages for Vertebrates The Fossil Record, "Sudden Appearance," and the
Cambrian Explosion The Fossil Record Includes Transitional Forms Linking
Different Groups of Organisms Missing Links Transitional Forms
Archaeopteryx: From Dinosaurs to Birds Tiktaalik: From Fish to Land
Vertebrates Environmental Changes and Competition Inherent in Natural
Selection Produce Extinctions Fossils as Evidence of Extinction Cuvier's
Theory of Extinction Background Extinction Mass Extinction The K-T
Extinction The Permian-Triassic Extinction Human-Caused Extinction Summary
4 Biogeography Predictions Darwin's Observations of Life's Diversity Life
Is Extremely Diverse, and This Diversity Is Influenced by Geologic History
Earth's Biodiversity Biogeography Early Theories of Biogeography Species
That Are Most Alike Usually Live Near Each Other Geographically, Regardless
of Differences in Environment Biogeography in the Age of Exploration
Biogeography and Geology Major, Long-term Changes in the Distribution of
Life's Diversity Are Influenced by Plate Tectonics Continental Geography
Continental Drift Geologic Evidence of Continental Movement Paleomagnetism
Radiometric Dating of the Seafloor Pangaea and Biogeography Tectonic
Movement and Evolution Different Species in Similar Habitats Often Evolve
Similar Adaptations Convergent Evolution Isolated Habitats Such as Oceanic
Islands Are Populated by Descendants of Organisms from the Nearest Mainland
Continental and Oceanic Islands Colonization of Oceanic Islands Island
Species and Mainland Species Adaptive Radiation Unique Features of Island
Biogeography Creationists' Explanations for Biogeography Summary 5
Molecular Evidence for Evolution Predictions Common Ancestry Is Revealed by
a Common Hereditary Material (DNA or RNA) Related Organisms Reveal Their
Genetic Similarity through Protein Similarity Antigen Specificity Protein
Relatedness Ubiquitous Proteins Exist in Seemingly Disparate Taxa
Ubiquitous Proteins Cytochrome c Hemoglobin Organisms with More Recent
Common Ancestry Have More Hereditary Material in Common Than Organisms
Further Removed Evolutionarily DNA Hybridization Genetic Sequence Data
Genomes and Genetic Timelines Comparing the Coding Regions of Ubiquitous
Proteins Confirms Common Ancestry Genes as Evidence of Common Descent
Heat-Shock Proteins and Adaptation Organisms with Common Ancestry Share
Randomly Generated Transposable Elements and Homologous Genes Transposable
Elements and Shared Ancestry Gene Duplication Shared Ancestry Is Inferred
through the Occurrence of Vestigial Molecular Elements, or Pseudogenes The
Origin of Pseudogenes Pseudogenes as Evidence of Common Inheritance Shared
Ancestry Is Revealed within a Lineage Showing Evidence of a Shared Viral
Pathogen Endogenous Retroviruses and Common Descent Summary 6 Anatomical
Evidence for Evolution Predictions There Are Anatomical Similarities among
Related Organisms Comparative Anatomy Homologous Structures Structural
Similarities in Plants Analogous Structures and Convergent Evolution
Organisms Possess Vestigial Structures That Serve as Evolutionary Baggage
Vestigial Structures as Remnants of Ancestral Organisms Creationists'
Criticisms of Vestigial Organs as Evidence of Evolution There Are
Developmental Similarities among Organisms Developmental Similarities
Embryological Similarities Development and Embryology as Evidence of Common
Ancestry The Study of Evolutionary Development Homeotic Genes
Developmental Variation Eye Development and Animal Evolution Summary 7
Conflict and Cooperation Part I: Behavior Predictions Behavior Organisms
Exhibit Behaviors That Increase Their Chances of Survival Tropic or Taxic
Behavior Migration Thermoregulation Storage and Retrieval Behavioral
Adaptations That Enhance Survival Are Selected over Those That Do Not, Even
When a Cost Is Incurred by Other Individuals in the Population Egg Eviction
by Birds Conspecific Infanticide Behaviors, Like Other Measurable
Adaptations, Can Be Artificially Selected Experimental Manipulation of
Behavioral Traits Heritability of Behaviors Individuals Behave
Preferentially toward Kin When There Is Likely to Be an Inclusive Fitness
Benefit Altruistic Behavior and Kin Selection Helping Alarm Calling
Suicide Worker Castes Altruism by Reciprocal Exchange Individuals Exhibit
Behaviors That Serve Simply to Acquire Mates Sexual Selection Intrasexual
Competition Intersexual Selection and Behavior Theories of Female-Choice
Mechanics There Is an Adaptive Advantage in Behaviors That Help Ensure
Parentage Competitive Sperm Cooperative Sperm Sperm Competition and
Behavior In a Conflict between Individual Survival and Reproductive
Potential, Reproductive Potential Wins Destructive Reproductive Behavior in
an Evolutionary Context Parents Behave Preferentially toward Those
Offspring Most Likely to Augment the Parents' Inclusive Fitness
Differential Treatment of Offspring Parental Favoritism of the Sexes
Siblicide Summary 8 Conflict and Cooperation Part II: Coevolution
Predictions Coevolution Ecological Relevance Prey Species Possess
Ecologically Relevant Adaptations against Predation Coloration, Mimicry,
and Warning Signals Toxic Emissions and Secretions Influence of Predation
Pressure Third-Party Exploitation Predators Possess Ecologically Relevant
Adaptations That Allow Them to Conquer Prey Coloration in Predators Odor
Used to Attract Prey Selection for Predatory Ability Organisms Exploit
Different Ecological Niches to Reduce the Negative Effects of Competition
Character Displacement and Niche Partitioning Displacement from
Antagonistic Coevolution Diversifying Coevolution Parasites Evolve
Strategies That Allow Them to Exploit Host Resources Reciprocal Adaptations
Selection-Driven Virulence in Parasites Parasite-Mediated Behavior and
Coevolutionary Escalation Host Species Evolve Ways to Minimize the Costs of
Being Parasitized Parasite-Host Coevolution in Avian Brood Parasites
Specificity of Hosts and Intensity of Reciprocal Adaptations Host Tolerance
Host Responses to Parasitism Symbiont Species That Serve a Life-History
Function Are Rewarded and Continue Mutualism Obligate Mutualism Mutualism
in the Oceans and Atmosphere Rewarded Symbionts Are Penalized for Cheating
Penalties in the Cleaner-Fish Symbiosis Penalties in the Yucca-Yucca Moth
Symbiosis Summary 9 Human Evolution Predictions Human Evolution:
Biogeographic Evidence Sites of Origin Darwin's Prediction: The African
Origins of Humans Human Evolution: Fossil Evidence Dart's Discovery of
Hominin Fossils Other Hominin Discoveries in Africa Africa as the
Birthplace of Humanity Human Evolution: Molecular Evidence Universal
Homology, Ubiquitous Proteins, and Human Evolution Fossil Genes in the
Human Genome Humans and the MC1R Gene Humans and Endogenous Retroviruses
Human Evolution: Anatomical and Developmental Evidence Vestigial Body-Parts
Human Development and Evolutionary History Human Behavior from an
Evolutionary Perspective Behavior as an Adaptation in Humans Kin Preference
in Human Behavior Mating in the Evolved Human Paternity Assurance in the
Human Male Parental Favoritism as an Adaptation Human Evolution:
Coevolutionary Evidence The Shared Evolution of Humans and Plasmodium
Coevolution with Pathogens and HIV Resistance Coevolution with Pathogens
and Urban Living Human Exploitation of Third-Party Organisms The Coevolved
Human and Mate Choice Human Coevolution and Lactose Tolerance Summary
Appendix 1. Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859, first
edition), Chapters IV ("Natural Selection") and XIV ("Recapitulation and
Conclusion") Appendix 2. The Geologic Timescale Appendix 3. Major Species
of Known Hominins Glossary References Index