This thesis looks at the factors associated with early and late initiation of Antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV positive pregnant women in the South West region of Cameroon. It also looks at the reasons motivating these women to either accept to be initiated on the same day of diagnosis or postpone it to a later date. These factors will be helpful in informing policy aimed at improving uptake of ART among newly diagnosed HIV positive pregnant women a big boost to preventing mother child transmission of HIV.