Water is an indispensable resource for human life and activity, and it is significantly affected by climate change and anthropogenic activities. In the past few decades, the frequency and intensity of drought have increased in extended zones of the planet, with an obvious negative impact on the environment, human life, and the economy. In this context, the Special Issue "Assessing Hydrological Drought in a Climate Change: Methods and Measures" addresses the following main topics:Designing new drought indices to better quantify drought effects; Analyzing drought events from both qualitative and quantitative viewpoints; Detecting drought events and their correlations with climate change; Estimating the drought frequency and intensity of drought episodes; Modeling and forecasting time series related to drought events.