This book presents a comprehensive legal analysis of bio-medical waste management in India, delving into the existing regulatory framework, identifying gaps, and proposing enhancements. It critically examines the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998, and subsequent revisions in 2016, assessing their efficacy in ensuring compliance and environmental sustainability. The roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, including healthcare facilities, waste generators, regulatory bodies, and the judiciary, are explored, alongside relevant provisions under the Environment Protection Act, 1986, and related legislation, with particular emphasis on the COVID-19 pandemic. Noteworthy case law and judicial pronouncements are examined, emphasizing penalties, compensation, and remediation measures for non-compliance and environmental harm.