The North Eastern region of India is recognized as one of the mega biodiversity centers of the world and one of the largest centers of genetic diversity of medicinal plants. The present monograph is the outcome of the research in respect of recording of the medicinal plants of the region, determination of chromosome number and karyotype, isolation and identification of a few active compounds and finally genomic DNA isolation and genome size determination of the selected plants. This volume is a humble effort to provide a glimpse of the richness of the medicinal plant wealth of the region that might lead to the discovery of new therapeutic drugs.