This book presents some of the work carried out in the search for molecular markers associated with the panicle weight trait in oats. Panicle weight in oats is a polygenic trait, commonly referred to as a quantitative trait, which is difficult to select via conventional plant breeding methods. Knowing that panicle weight is one of the main components of grain yield in oats, selection via panicle weight for cultivars with greater production potential is an extremely important strategy. In this sense, the association of molecular markers with genes responsible for panicle weight in oats can facilitate and accelerate the development of new, more productive cultivars.