Eberhard MerzAtlas of 3D/4D Ultrasound in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Breast Imaging
I. GENERAL
1.1 Principles of 3D/4D Ultrasound
1.2 3D/4D Modes
1.3 Volume Manipulation and Image Processing
1.4 Artifacts
1.5 Safety aspects of 3D/4D ultrasound
II. OBSTETRICS
2. Orientation in Obstetrical Ultrasound
3. First Trimester
3.1 Normal Fetal Development in the First Trimester
3.2 Abnormal Embryonal/Fetal Development in the First Trimester
3.2.1 Abortion
3.2.2 Ectopic Pregnancy
3.2.3 Early Fetal Malformations
3.3 First Trimester Screening
4. Second and Third Trimesters
4.1 Normal Fetal Development in the Second and Third Trimesters
4.2 3D Estimation of Fetal Weight
4.3 Structural Abnormalities in the Second and Third Trimesters
4.4. Chromosomal Aberrations
4.5. Syndromes
5. 4D Ultrasound. Normal and Abnormal Fetal Movement
5.1 Physiologic Movements
5.2 Evaluation of Normal and Abnormal Fetal Movements
6. Placenta and Umbilical Cord
6.1 Normal and Abnormal Placenta
6.2 Abnormally Invasive Placentation and Vasa Previa
6.3 Normal and Abnormal Umbilical Cord
7. Multiple Pregnancy
7.1 Normal Development
7.2 Abnormal Development
8. Maternal Problems
III. GYNECOLOGY
9. Orientation in Gynecological Ultrasound
10. Normal Pelvic Anatomy
11. Reproduction
12. Uterus and IUD
13. Uterine Disorders
13.1 Uterine Abnormalities
13.2 Benign Uterine Tumors
13.3 Malignant Uterine Tumors
14. Adnexal Disorders
15. Vaginal Disorders
16. Extragenital Pelvic Masses
17. Disorders Outside of the Pelvis
18. 3D Ultrasound in Postoperative Follow-up
19. Perineal 3D/4D Ultrasound - Normal and Abnormal Pelvic Floor
20. Fly thru-Technology
IV. BREAST
21. 3D breast ultrasound - Introduction
22. 3D/4D hand-held ultrasound
22.1 Technical aspects of 3D hand-held ultrasound âEUR" Normal anatomy
22.2 Clinical applications
22.3 Tumors of the breast
22.4 Axilla
22.5 Puncture of Breast Tumors
22.6 Postoperative control
23. Automated breast volume scanning (ABVS)
