Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder with diverse etiologies, continues to attract the attention of researchers. Disabling the child in the areas of communication and interaction, it is considered to be severe and disabling for life. In a contextual and psychodevelopmental approach, this book highlights the contribution of traditional and modern therapies in the care of the child. Using a comparative approach, the author conducted a cross-sectional study of 143 autistic children, all from Gabon, aged 3 to 10 years, divided into two groups. The first group was composed of 75 autistic children, including 21 girls and 54 boys, who had received medical-psychological-pedagogical care in a specialized institution. The second group is composed of 68 autistic children, including 28 girls and 40 boys who benefited from traditional therapeutic practices. This book is in line with new research in human and social sciences, particularly in developmental psychology.