Autoimmune diseases, subdivided into systemic autoimmune diseases or connectivites and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, and autoinflammatory diseases, into monogenic and polygenic ("systemic" and "organ-specific") autoinflammatory diseases, share common inflammatory processes but their clinical and biological expressions are extremely variable. It is therefore important to analyze, in perspective, these large heterogeneous groups of inflammatory diseases as a whole in order to better understand the epidemiological, immunogenetic, environmental, pathophysiological, clinical and associated co-morbidities disparities, which may help to highlight therapeutic targets and identify new approaches for preventive medicine that could be common for certain nosological groups and thus have a positive impact on health economics.