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Recent epidemiological studies and clinical trials suggest a possible role of certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains in the prevention of allergic diseases. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the immunomodulatory potential of two LAB strains, Lactococcuslactis and Lactobacillus plantarum, for prophylaxis and therapy of allergic immune responses. Both LAB strains - induced high levels of IL-12 and IFN - in naive murine spleen cell cultures. Intranasal co-application with recombinant Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, prior or after allergic sensitization, led to increased levels of allergen-specific IgG2a antibodies and in vitro IFN - production, indicating a shift towards Th1 responses. Successful immunomodulation by the mucosal pre-treatment was further demonstrated by suppression of allergen-induced basophil degranulation. We conclude that these LAB strains in combination with an allergen could be promising candidates for mucosal vaccination against type I allergy.