This book is a study on the June 4 massacre to determine the causes of the unrest and to assess the short- and long-term impacts on the People's Republic of China's future development. The aim is to provide of what happened in Beijing in 1989 with an analysis of why the tragedy occurred.
This book is a study on the June 4 massacre to determine the causes of the unrest and to assess the short- and long-term impacts on the People's Republic of China's future development. The aim is to provide of what happened in Beijing in 1989 with an analysis of why the tragedy occurred.
List of Tables and Illustrations - Preface -- 1 Introduction (The Social Political and Economic Ferment 2 Different Interpretations of the Events 5 Setting the Record Straight 7 Notes 11) -- 2 From Economic Reform to Social Unrest (The Reform Program 13 The Open Door Policy 18 The Social and Economic Consequences 22 The Basic Contradiction 25 The Mounting Crisis 29 The Popular Demand for Change 33 Notes 35) -- 3 Ideological Schism and Power Struggle (The Power Structure 38 Ideological Tenets and the Party Une 43 The Unique Role of Deng Xiaoping 47 The Ideological Confrontation 52 The Struggle for Succession 56 The Final Showdown of the Contenders 60 Notes 63) -- 4 Intellectual Challenge and Student Movements (The Role of Intellectuals 68 The May Fourth Movement and Its Legacy 71 Intellectuals Under Communism 77 The Relaxation and Repression Cycles 82 Challenges from the Intellectuals 86 The New Student Movement 91 Notes 93) -- 5 Military and Politics (The Command Structure 97 The Changing Role of the Army 102 Decline in the Status of the Military 106 Military Resistance to Reform 110 Involvement in Factional Struggle 114 The Military at the Crossroads 117 Notes 120) --6 The Making of the Massacre(Origins of the Student Protest 122 From Student Demonstration to People's Movement 126 The Behind-the-Scenes Power Struggle 130 Preparation for the Crackdown 133 The Great Massacre 136 The Aftermath and Cover-up 140 Notes 144) -- 7 The Impact of the Bloodshed (The International Sanctions 147 Overseas Chinese Responses 151 Effects on the Domestic Economy 155 Impact on Education and Culture 159 Effects on the Relationship with Hong Kong 163 Impact on the Relationship with Taiwan 168 Notes 172) -- 8 The Road from Tiananmen (The Causes of the Unrest 175 The Far-reaching Effects of the Massacre 177 Factors Determining the PRC's Future 181 Alternative Scenarios 191 Notes 198) -- Appendix 1: Chronology (April 1S-July 15 1989) -- Appendix 2: Profiles of Fifty Major Figures -- Appendix 3: Documents ("lt Is Necessary to Take a Clear Stand Against the Disturbances " 222 A Student's Eyewitness Account of the Tiananmen Massacre 224 Deng's Talk on Quelling Rebellion in Beijing 226 "Checking the Turmoil and Quelling the Counter- Revolutionary Rebellion " 231) -- Index
List of Tables and Illustrations - Preface -- 1 Introduction (The Social Political and Economic Ferment 2 Different Interpretations of the Events 5 Setting the Record Straight 7 Notes 11) -- 2 From Economic Reform to Social Unrest (The Reform Program 13 The Open Door Policy 18 The Social and Economic Consequences 22 The Basic Contradiction 25 The Mounting Crisis 29 The Popular Demand for Change 33 Notes 35) -- 3 Ideological Schism and Power Struggle (The Power Structure 38 Ideological Tenets and the Party Une 43 The Unique Role of Deng Xiaoping 47 The Ideological Confrontation 52 The Struggle for Succession 56 The Final Showdown of the Contenders 60 Notes 63) -- 4 Intellectual Challenge and Student Movements (The Role of Intellectuals 68 The May Fourth Movement and Its Legacy 71 Intellectuals Under Communism 77 The Relaxation and Repression Cycles 82 Challenges from the Intellectuals 86 The New Student Movement 91 Notes 93) -- 5 Military and Politics (The Command Structure 97 The Changing Role of the Army 102 Decline in the Status of the Military 106 Military Resistance to Reform 110 Involvement in Factional Struggle 114 The Military at the Crossroads 117 Notes 120) --6 The Making of the Massacre(Origins of the Student Protest 122 From Student Demonstration to People's Movement 126 The Behind-the-Scenes Power Struggle 130 Preparation for the Crackdown 133 The Great Massacre 136 The Aftermath and Cover-up 140 Notes 144) -- 7 The Impact of the Bloodshed (The International Sanctions 147 Overseas Chinese Responses 151 Effects on the Domestic Economy 155 Impact on Education and Culture 159 Effects on the Relationship with Hong Kong 163 Impact on the Relationship with Taiwan 168 Notes 172) -- 8 The Road from Tiananmen (The Causes of the Unrest 175 The Far-reaching Effects of the Massacre 177 Factors Determining the PRC's Future 181 Alternative Scenarios 191 Notes 198) -- Appendix 1: Chronology (April 1S-July 15 1989) -- Appendix 2: Profiles of Fifty Major Figures -- Appendix 3: Documents ("lt Is Necessary to Take a Clear Stand Against the Disturbances " 222 A Student's Eyewitness Account of the Tiananmen Massacre 224 Deng's Talk on Quelling Rebellion in Beijing 226 "Checking the Turmoil and Quelling the Counter- Revolutionary Rebellion " 231) -- Index
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