In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (an electron or a positron) is emitted. In the case of electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus ( ), while in the case of a positron emission as beta plus ( +). Kinetic energy of beta particles has continuous spectrum ranging from 0 to maximal available energy (Q), which depends on parent and daughter nuclear states participating in the decay. Typical Q is around 1 MeV, but it can range from a few keV to a few tens of MeV. The most energetic beta particles are ultrarelativistic, with speeds very close to the speed of light.
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