Betrothal (also called espousal) is a formal state of engagement to be married. Historically betrothal was a formal contract, blessed or officiated by a religious authority. Betrothal was binding as marriage and a divorce was necessary to terminate a betrothal. Betrothed couples were regarded legally as husband and wife - even before their wedding and physical union. In Jewish weddings the betrothal is part of the Jewish wedding ceremony. Typical steps of a betrothal were: Usually done by the couple's families with bride and groom having no input. This is no longer practiced except in some cultures (e.g. limited groups of conservatives in Israel, India), and most of these have a requirement that the bride be allowed at least veto power. Negotiation of bride price or dowry, In modern practice these have been reduced to the symbolic engagement ring. Blessing by clergy, Exchange of Vows and Signing of Contracts, Often one of these is omitted, Celebration. The exact duration of a betrothal varies according to culture and the participants needs and wishes.