There are many conventional ZnO nanostructure synthesis routes employing the chemical and physical methods, which require particular set-up, high cost, high temperature-pressure conditions, and non-ecological chemicals. However, high-energy consumption of these routes and released toxic chemicals after the process can be hazardous to the environment and human health. In recent years, the green synthesis approach has been gaining attention, which eliminates the use of toxic chemicals and applies environmentally friendly routes. The advantage of using natural extracts for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is that coating of nanoparticles with various pharmacologically active biomolecules on the metal oxide surface allows the conjugation of nanoparticles with receptors of the bacterial membrane. These molecules might be flavones, aldehydes, amides, polysaccharides, etc. and the green synthesized nanoparticles exhibit better biomedical activity than the chemically synthesized ones. Inorganic metal oxides have widely emerged as antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, and anticancer agents in the last decades.
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