Biodiesel is the fuel of next generation. It is green fuel and can be manufactured by trans-esterification of vegetable oils. 10kg of crude glycerol is produced per kg of biodiesel. The utilization of the crude glycerol shall reduced environmental problems and cost of biodiesel. Bio-conversion of crude glycerol shall produce various important chemical products. 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is one of the most useful products prepared through bioconversion of glycerol using various microorganism such as E-coli, Pseudomoans strain, E-aerogen and Lactobacillus strain. Purified 1,3-PDO utilized for production of saturated & unsaturated polyester resin and polyurethane foam. Instrumental analysis techniques such as FTIR, GC, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DSC etc. shall be utilized for evaluation and characterization of the products synthesized throughout the work. The present book shall useful for the scientist working on the topics like biodiesel, polyester, polyurethane, bioconversion etc. The book is also helpful to information seeker in the same field as well as graduate & post graduate students of science, engineering and technology.