The data covered in this book is taken from author's MPhil dissertation entitled "Application of response surface methodology for optimization of biodiesel production by transesterification of Carthamus tinctorius cv. thori-78," from Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. The plant source used for biodiesel optimization, transesterification and production was novel. The physico-chemical properties satisfy well the ASTM and EN Standards. The methodology provides guidance about soxhlet and mechanical pressing for oil extraction from non-edible/seed sources. The book will also be a reference tool for new researchers.