In the context of rice biodiversity with special reference to the local cultivars, an effort was taken in this endeavor to gather and compiled information about the local cultivars of rice and partitioned into different chapters. The information in the areas of local cultivars of rice, its implications and limitations are lying unorganized in different articles of journals, periodicals and edited books. This information was presented in this monograph in organized way with up-to-date citations, which will provide comprehensive literature of recent advances of local cultivars of rice of India. First two chapters of this monograph dealt with introductory part of rice. The biodiversity of local cultivars of rice of India, with special reference to east and north-east India has been elaborated in Chapter 3. The remaining major Chapters of this book are 'Uses of Rice', 'Medicinal Rice', 'Local Aromatic Rice' and 'Causes of Decline in Rice Biodiversity'. A section has also been allotted for the technical terms and definitions as 'Glossary'.