Biological psychiatry has dominated psychiatric thinking for the past 40 years, but the knowledge base of the discipline has increased substantially more recently, particularly with advances in genetics and neuroimaging. The third edition of Biological Psychiatry has been thoroughly updated taking into account these developments. As in the earlier editions of the book, there are comprehensive reviews and explanations of the latest advances in neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, genetics and brain imaging-- descriptions not only of methodologies but also of the application of these in clinical…mehr
Biological psychiatry has dominated psychiatric thinking for the past 40 years, but the knowledge base of the discipline has increased substantially more recently, particularly with advances in genetics and neuroimaging. The third edition of Biological Psychiatry has been thoroughly updated taking into account these developments. As in the earlier editions of the book, there are comprehensive reviews and explanations of the latest advances in neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, genetics and brain imaging-- descriptions not only of methodologies but also of the application of these in clinical settings. It is within this context that there is a considerable emphasis in the book on brain-behaviour relationships both within and without the clinical setting.
This edition has been enhanced by the inclusion of new chapters, one on anxiety and another on motivation and the addictions. The chapter that relates to treatments has been extended to include the latest information on brain stimulation techniques. The overall book is well illustrated in order to help with an understanding of the text.
For the third edition, Professor Michael Trimble has been joined by Professor Mark George as co-author. These are two of the world's leading biological psychiatrists who both have considerable clinical as well as research experience which they have brought to the book. Unlike multiauthored texts, it has a continuity running through it which aids understanding and prevents repetition.
This book is strongly recommended for all practising psychiatrists and trainees wishing for an up-to-date, authoritative, easy to digest and acessible review of the latest advances and conceptualizations in the field. It will also appeal to neurologists interested in neuropsychiatry and biological psychiatry or the psychiatric aspects of neurological disorders, as well as other practising clinicians (psychologists, social workers, nurses) in the mental health field.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Professor Trimble was for many years Professor of Behavioural Neurology and Consultant Physician to the Department of Psychological Medicine at the National Hospital Queen Square, London. He now holds emeritus status at the above institutions. He studied general medicine, obtaining membership of the Royal College of Physicians before going to the National Hospital Queen Square and then the Maudsley Hospital to advance his training in neurology and psychiatry. Following an internship in psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, he returned to the National Hospital to pursue a career in neuropsychiatry. He set up a research group with main interests in the interface disorders between neurology and psychiatry, reflected in the developing recognition of neuropsychiatry and behavioural neurology as independent disciplines. The research group (Raymond-Way Unit) explored the behavioural consequences of neurological disorders and their treatment, with a major interest in epilepsy and movement disorders. His current writing and academic interests involve teaching and lecturing on neuroanatomical concepts relevant to understanding behaviour and its variations, in particular with an interest in neuroaesthetics and neurotheology, namely the cerebral basis of artistic and religious experiences. Dr. George received his medical degree from the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston in 1985, where he continued with dual residencies in neurology and psychiatry. He is board certified in both areas. He worked for one year (1990-91) as a Visiting Research Fellow in the Raymond Way Neuropsychiatry Research Group at the Institute of Neurology, London. He and Professor Trimble used pharmacology and imaging to study the overlaps between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. During this year he also worked on new functional imaging techniques (SPECT and PET) at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College of London and Middlesex School of Medicine, London. He wrote one of the first textbooks in the new area of brain activation and imaging. Dr George then moved to Washington, DC, working with Dr. Robert Post in the Biological Psychiatry Branch of the Intramural National Institute of Mental Health. He was one of the first to use functional imaging (particularly oxygen PET) to assess brain changes associated with normal emotions, as well as using imaging to understand brain changes which occur in depression and mania. This imaging work directly led to his pioneering use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a probe of neuronal circuits regulating mood, and to clinical trials using TMS as an antidepressant. In 2008 prefrontal TMS was FDA approved as an antidepressant treatment. In 1995 he moved back to Charleston and built the functional neuroimaging division and brain stimulation laboratories. This imaging group has grown into the MUSC Center for Advanced Imaging Research, which is now part of the SC Brain Imaging Center of Excellence. He continues to use imaging and non-invasive stimulation, either separately or more recently in combination, to understand the brain regions involved in emotion regulation in health and disease. In 1998, he pioneered another new treatment for resistant depression, vagus nerve stimulation, that was recently FDA approved. He and his group have used MRI imaging to understand brain stimulation brain effects. He is on several editorial review boards, and has published over 200 scientific articles, and has written or edited 5 books. He is the editor-in-chief of a new journal, Brain Stimulation. He has received several international awards, including the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry Lifetime Achievement Award (2007), the NARSAD Falcone Award (2008) and he was honored as one of 14 'Pioneers of Medical Progress' saluted in the August 2009 edition of US News & World Report.
Inhaltsangabe
Acknowledgements xi Quotations xiii Preface to the First Edition xv Preface to the Second Edition xix Introduction and Preface to the Third Edition xxi 1 Principles of Brain Function and Structure: 1 Genetics, Physiology and Chemistry 1 Introduction 1 Genetics 1 Brain chemistry and metabolism 8 The metabolism of glucose 9 Proteins and fatty acids 9 Cell membranes 10 Synapses 12 Receptors 14 Neurones 21 Neurotransmitters 24 Interrelationships among transmitters 29 Transmitter dispersal 29 CNS inflammation 29 2 Principles of Brain Function and Structure: 2 Anatomy 31 Introduction 31 The neuroanatomy of emotion 32 Individual anatomical structures 41 Ascending and descending limbic-system connections 53 Macrosystems 55 The basal ganglia and the re-entrant circuits 57 The ventral striatum and 'limbic striatum' 58 The ascending cholinergic systems 60 Cortical regions of interest 60 The cerebellum 63 3 Important Brain-Behaviour Relationships 65 Introduction 65 Important anatomical structures for understanding behaviour 68 Some specific behaviours 74 Limbic lobe disorders in a clinical context 77 Re-entrant circuits in a clinical context 78 The frontal lobes in a clinical context 79 Laterality 81 4 Classifications and Clinical Investigations 83 Introduction 83 Signs, symptoms, syndromes and disease 84 Classification in psychiatry 84 Clinical investigation 87 5 Personality Disorders 113 General introduction 113 Introduction to the concept of personality 113 Genetics 118 Somatic variables 121 Metabolic and biochemical findings 121 Neurophysiological and neurological data 123 Some outstanding issues 127 6 Anxiety Disorders 131 Introduction 131 Genetics 134 Somatic variables 135 Metabolic and biochemical findings 135 Neurochemical investigations 137 Neurophysiological and neurological data 140 Imaging 140 Obsessive-compulsive disorder 142 Post-traumatic stress disorder 143 Some outstanding issues 144 7 The Schizophrenias 147 Introduction 147 Genetics 150 Somatic variables 153 Metabolic and biochemical findings 154 Neurochemical investigations 159 Neurophysiological and neurological data 164 Some outstanding issues 176 8 Affective Disorders 183 Introduction 183 Genetics 184 Metabolic and biochemical findings 186 Neurochemical investigations 198 Neurophysiological and neurological data 200 Some outstanding issues 209 9 The Addictions and Disorders of Motivation 215 Introduction 215 Disorders of motivation 216 Conditioning 217 Genetics 219 Metabolic and biochemical findings 221 Neurophysiological and neurological data 223 Some outstanding issues 228 10 Epilepsy 231 Introduction 231 Prevalence and clinical characteristics 231 Classification 231 Genetics 235 Symptomatic epilepsy 235 Biochemical findings 236 Investigation and differential diagnosis 237 Psychiatric disorders in epilepsy 237 Cognitive deterioration and epilepsy 254 Some outstanding issues 255 11 The Dementias 257 Introduction 257 Definition 257 Prevalence 258 Diagnosis and classification 258 Alzheimer's disease 259 Dementia of frontal-lobe type 267 Focal cortical atrophies 268 Dementia with Lewy bodies 268 Vascular dementias 269 Other forms of dementia 271 Further causes of dementia 275 Some outstanding issues 275 12 Biological Treatments 281 Introduction 281 Pharmacology: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 281 Antidepressants 284 Antipsychotic drugs 296 Anxiolytics and hypnotics 304 Beta-Adrenergic blockers 308 Lithium 308 Anticonvulsants 310 Drugs for the treatment of dementia 316 Medications for the addictions 317 Brain-stimulation therapies 318 Sleep-deprivation therapy 329 13 Epilogue: Progress toward a Neuroanatomically, Biological-psychiatrically Informed Classification Scheme in Psychiatry 331 References 335 Index 395
Acknowledgements xi Quotations xiii Preface to the First Edition xv Preface to the Second Edition xix Introduction and Preface to the Third Edition xxi 1 Principles of Brain Function and Structure: 1 Genetics, Physiology and Chemistry 1 Introduction 1 Genetics 1 Brain chemistry and metabolism 8 The metabolism of glucose 9 Proteins and fatty acids 9 Cell membranes 10 Synapses 12 Receptors 14 Neurones 21 Neurotransmitters 24 Interrelationships among transmitters 29 Transmitter dispersal 29 CNS inflammation 29 2 Principles of Brain Function and Structure: 2 Anatomy 31 Introduction 31 The neuroanatomy of emotion 32 Individual anatomical structures 41 Ascending and descending limbic-system connections 53 Macrosystems 55 The basal ganglia and the re-entrant circuits 57 The ventral striatum and 'limbic striatum' 58 The ascending cholinergic systems 60 Cortical regions of interest 60 The cerebellum 63 3 Important Brain-Behaviour Relationships 65 Introduction 65 Important anatomical structures for understanding behaviour 68 Some specific behaviours 74 Limbic lobe disorders in a clinical context 77 Re-entrant circuits in a clinical context 78 The frontal lobes in a clinical context 79 Laterality 81 4 Classifications and Clinical Investigations 83 Introduction 83 Signs, symptoms, syndromes and disease 84 Classification in psychiatry 84 Clinical investigation 87 5 Personality Disorders 113 General introduction 113 Introduction to the concept of personality 113 Genetics 118 Somatic variables 121 Metabolic and biochemical findings 121 Neurophysiological and neurological data 123 Some outstanding issues 127 6 Anxiety Disorders 131 Introduction 131 Genetics 134 Somatic variables 135 Metabolic and biochemical findings 135 Neurochemical investigations 137 Neurophysiological and neurological data 140 Imaging 140 Obsessive-compulsive disorder 142 Post-traumatic stress disorder 143 Some outstanding issues 144 7 The Schizophrenias 147 Introduction 147 Genetics 150 Somatic variables 153 Metabolic and biochemical findings 154 Neurochemical investigations 159 Neurophysiological and neurological data 164 Some outstanding issues 176 8 Affective Disorders 183 Introduction 183 Genetics 184 Metabolic and biochemical findings 186 Neurochemical investigations 198 Neurophysiological and neurological data 200 Some outstanding issues 209 9 The Addictions and Disorders of Motivation 215 Introduction 215 Disorders of motivation 216 Conditioning 217 Genetics 219 Metabolic and biochemical findings 221 Neurophysiological and neurological data 223 Some outstanding issues 228 10 Epilepsy 231 Introduction 231 Prevalence and clinical characteristics 231 Classification 231 Genetics 235 Symptomatic epilepsy 235 Biochemical findings 236 Investigation and differential diagnosis 237 Psychiatric disorders in epilepsy 237 Cognitive deterioration and epilepsy 254 Some outstanding issues 255 11 The Dementias 257 Introduction 257 Definition 257 Prevalence 258 Diagnosis and classification 258 Alzheimer's disease 259 Dementia of frontal-lobe type 267 Focal cortical atrophies 268 Dementia with Lewy bodies 268 Vascular dementias 269 Other forms of dementia 271 Further causes of dementia 275 Some outstanding issues 275 12 Biological Treatments 281 Introduction 281 Pharmacology: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 281 Antidepressants 284 Antipsychotic drugs 296 Anxiolytics and hypnotics 304 Beta-Adrenergic blockers 308 Lithium 308 Anticonvulsants 310 Drugs for the treatment of dementia 316 Medications for the addictions 317 Brain-stimulation therapies 318 Sleep-deprivation therapy 329 13 Epilogue: Progress toward a Neuroanatomically, Biological-psychiatrically Informed Classification Scheme in Psychiatry 331 References 335 Index 395
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