Bionomics of Citrus Butterfly, Papilio demoleus L.
in rainfed ecology of Pakistan
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The eggs took 58-85 hrs to hatch. All the events except the fecundity rate had positive correlation with air temperature. The average duration of five larval instars varied from 3-8 days and is against temperature related. The highly temperature sensitive pupal development took 7-20 days. The insect overwintered as pupa. There were 8 or 9 generations per year and the length of the generations (26-59 days) varied with temperature. The overwintering generation took 159-167 days. The effect of precipitation on the developments of the insect was not evident. Mortalities were high at the early and ...
The eggs took 58-85 hrs to hatch. All the events except the fecundity rate had positive correlation with air temperature. The average duration of five larval instars varied from 3-8 days and is against temperature related. The highly temperature sensitive pupal development took 7-20 days. The insect overwintered as pupa. There were 8 or 9 generations per year and the length of the generations (26-59 days) varied with temperature. The overwintering generation took 159-167 days. The effect of precipitation on the developments of the insect was not evident. Mortalities were high at the early and late stages of the life cycle with a break in the middle. Some of the mortality factors were identified. Degree days to predict phenological changes were worked out. A formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis, Bactospeine, was found highly effective in controlling the pest. The insect infested many citrus varieties with differential preferences.
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