Analyzing chemical and biological entities is a metaphor for the process of achieving the goals of life science research. Because there is such a wide range of analytical techniques and instruments available, it is critical to grasp the principles, limitations, and alternatives of each methodology before applying it effectively to achieve relevant results. This courses book includes chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmaceutical and clinical sciences, environmental, forensic, and materials sciences using biophysical techniques. The book focuses on conveying in-depth information capable of enlightening scientists' and researchers' for current throughput screening expectations. Illustrative examples have been inserted throughout the book, when considered necessary, and are to be read as part of the corresponding chapter. The structure also pushes the reader to think critically and put the approach into practice. This book will undoubtedly be a helpful reference tool for students,instructors, and researchers working in the subjects listed.