Provides a broad range of information from basic principles to advanced applications of biosensors and nanomaterials in health care diagnostics This book utilizes a multidisciplinary approach to provide a wide range of information on biosensors and the impact of nanotechnology on the development of biosensors for health care. It offers a solid background on biosensors, recognition receptors, biomarkers, and disease diagnostics. An overview of biosensor-based health care applications is addressed. Nanomaterial applications in biosensors and diagnostics are included, covering the application of…mehr
Provides a broad range of information from basic principles to advanced applications of biosensors and nanomaterials in health care diagnostics This book utilizes a multidisciplinary approach to provide a wide range of information on biosensors and the impact of nanotechnology on the development of biosensors for health care. It offers a solid background on biosensors, recognition receptors, biomarkers, and disease diagnostics. An overview of biosensor-based health care applications is addressed. Nanomaterial applications in biosensors and diagnostics are included, covering the application of nanoparticles, magnetic nanomaterials, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and molecularly imprinted nanostructures. The topic of organ-specific health care systems utilizing biosensors is also incorporated to provide deep insight into the very recent advances in disease diagnostics. Biosensors and Nanotechnology: Applications in Health Care Diagnostics is comprised of 15 chapters that are presented in four sections and written by 33 researchers who are actively working in Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Turkey, Denmark, Finland, Romania, Malaysia, and Brazil. It covers biomarkers in health care; microfluidics in medical diagnostics; SPR-based biosensor techniques; piezoelectric-based biosensor technologies; MEMS-based cell counting methods; lab-on-chip platforms; optical applications for cancer cases; and more. * Discusses the latest technology and advances in the field of biosensors and their applications for health care diagnostics * Particular focus on biosensors for cancer * Summarizes research of the last 30 years, relating it to state-of-the-art technologies Biosensors and Nanotechnology: Applications in Health Care Diagnostics is an excellent book for researchers, scientists, regulators, consultants, and engineers in the field, as well as for graduate students studying the subject.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
ZEYNEP ALTINTAS, PhD, is the head of the Biosensors and Receptor Development Group at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany. She serves as an expert reviewer for EU and Wisconsin Groundwater Coordinating Council (USA) funded projects, in addition to acting as a reviewer for several important journals in her areas of expertise. She is also a member of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC).
Inhaltsangabe
List of Contributors xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Section 1 Introduction to Biosensors, Recognition Elements, Biomarkers, and Nanomaterials 1 1 General Introduction to Biosensors and Recognition Receptors 3 Frank Davis and Zeynep Altintas 1.1 Introduction to Biosensors 3 1.2 Enzyme Based Biosensors 4 1.3 DNA and RNA Based Biosensors 5 1.4 Antibody Based Biosensors 7 1.5 Aptasensors 8 1.6 Peptide Based Biosensors 10 1.7 MIP Based Biosensor 11 1.8 Conclusions 12 References 13 2 Biomarkers in Health Care 17 Adama Marie Sesay, Pirkko Tervo, and Elisa Tikkanen 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Biomarkers 18 2.2.1 Advantage and Utilization of Biomarkers 18 2.2.2 Ideal Characteristics of Biomarkers 19 2.3 Biological Samples and Biomarkers 20 2.4 Personalized Health and Point of Care Technology 22 2.5 Use of Biomarkers in Biosensing Technology 24 2.6 Biomarkers in Disease Diagnosis 26 2.7 Conclusions 29 References 30 3 The Use of Nanomaterials and Microfluidics in Medical Diagnostics 35 Jon Ashley and Yi Sun 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Nanomaterials in Medical Diagnostics (Bottom Up Approach) 36 3.2.1 Carbon Nanomaterials 37 3.2.2 Metallic Nanoparticles 39 3.2.2.1 Quantum Dots 39 3.2.2.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles (Fe2O3, FeO, and Fe3O4) 41 3.2.2.3 Gold Nanoparticles 41 3.2.2.4 Silver Nanoparticles 42 3.2.2.5 Nanoshells 42 3.2.2.6 Nanocages 43 3.2.2.7 Nanowires 43 3.2.3 Polymer Based Nanoparticles 44 3.3 Application of Microfluidic Devices in Clinical Diagnostics (Top Down Approach) 45 3.3.1 Unique Features of Microfluidic Devices 45 3.3.2 Applications of Microfluidic Devices in Medical Diagnostics 46 3.3.2.1 Types of Microfluidic POC Devices 47 3.3.2.2 Benchtop Microfluidic Instruments 47 3.3.2.3 Small, Lightweight Microfluidic Devices 49 3.3.2.4 Simple Un instrumented Microfluidic Systems 50 3.4 Integration of Microfluidics with Nanomaterials 52 3.5 Future Perspectives of Nanomaterial and Microfluidic Based Diagnostics 53 References 54 Section 2 Biosensor Platforms for Disease Detection and Diagnostics 59 4 SPR Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 61 Zeynep Altintas and Wellington M. Fakanya 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Basic Theoretical Principles 63 4.3 SPR Applications in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 66 4.3.1 SPR Biosensors in Cancer Detection 66 4.3.2 SPR Sensors in Cardiac Disease Detection 68 4.3.3 SPR Sensors in Infectious Disease Detection 71 4.4 Conclusions 72 References 74 5 Piezoelectric Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 77 Zeynep Altintas and Noor Azlina Masdor 5.1 Introduction 77 5.2 QCM Biosensors 78 5.3 Disease Diagnosis Using QCM Biosensors 80 5.3.1 Cancer Detection Using QCM Biosensors 82 5.3.2 Cardiovascular System Disorder Detection Using Biosensors 85 5.3.3 Pathogenic Disease Detection Using QCM Biosensors 88 5.4 Conclusions 90 References 91 6 Electrochemical Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 95 Andrea Ravalli and Giovanna Marrazza 6.1 Introduction 95 6.2 Electrochemical Biosensors: Definitions, Principles, and Classifications 96 6.3 Biomarkers in Clinical Applications 102 6.3.1 Electrochemical Biosensors for Tumor Markers 102 6.3.2 Electrochemical Biosensors for Cardiac Markers 110 6.3.3 Electrochemical Biosensors for Autoimmune Disease 115 6.3.4 Electrochemical Biosensors for Autoimmune Infectious Disease 116 6.4 Conclusions 118 References 118 7 MEMS Based Cell Counting Methods 125 Mustafa Kangul, Eren Ayd n, Furkan Gokce, Ozge Zorlu, Ebru Ozgur, and Haluk Kulah 7.1 Introduction 125 7.2 MEMS Based Cell Counting Methods 126 7.2.1 Optical Cell Counting Methods 126 7.2.1.1 Quantification of the Cells by Detecting Luminescence 127 7.2.1.2 Quantification of the Cells via High Resolution Imaging Techniques 130 7.3 Electrical and Electrochemical Cell Counting Methods 131 7.3.1 Impedimetric Cell Quantification 133 7.3.2 Voltammetric and Amperometric Cell Quantification 135 7.4 Gravimetric Cell Counting Methods 136 7.4.1 Deflection Based Cell Quantification 136 7.4.2 Resonant Based Cell Quantification 138 7.4.2.1 Theory of the Resonant Based Sensors 138 7.4.2.2 Actuation and Sensing Methods of Resonators in MEMS Applications 140 7.4.2.3 Resonator Structure Types Used for Cell Detection Applications 145 7.5 Conclusion and Comments 149 References 151 8 Lab on äChip Platforms for Disease Detection and Diagnosis 155 Ziya Isiksacan, Mustafa Tahsin Guler, Ali Kalantarifard, Mohammad Asghari, and Caglar Elbuken 8.1 Introduction 155 8.2 Continuous Flow Platforms 156 8.3 Paper Based LOC Platforms 161 8.4 Droplet Based LOC Platforms 166 8.5 Digital Microfluidic Based LOC Platforms 169 8.6 CD Based LOC Platforms 172 8.7 Wearable LOC Platforms 174 8.8 Conclusion and Outlook 176 References 177 Section 3 Nanomaterial's Applications in Biosensors and Diagnostics 183 9 Applications of Quantum Dots in Biosensors and Diagnostics 185 Zeynep Altintas, Frank Davis, and Frieder W. Scheller 9.1 Introduction 185 9.2 Quantum Dots: Optical Properties, Synthesis, and Surface Chemistry 186 9.3 Biosensor Applications of QDs 187 9.4 Other Biological Applications of QDs 191 9.5 Water Solubility and Cytotoxicity 194 9.6 Conclusion 196 References 197 10 Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Nanostructures in Biosensors and Diagnostics 201 Deniz Aktas Uygun, Murat Uygun, and Sinan Akgol 10.1 Introduction 201 10.2 Molecular Imprinted Polymers 202 10.3 Imprinting Approaches 204 10.4 Molecularly Imprinted Nanostructures 205 10.5 MIP Biosensors in Medical Diagnosis 207 10.6 Diagnostic Applications of MIP Nanostructures 210 10.7 Conclusions 212 References 213 11 Smart Nanomaterials: Applications in Biosensors and Diagnostics 219 Frank Davis, Flavio M. Shimizu, and Zeynep Altintas 11.1 Introduction 219 11.2 Metal Nanoparticles 221 11.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles 226 11.4 Carbon Nanotubes 231 11.5 Graphene 235 11.6 Nanostructured Metal Oxides 242 11.7 Nanostructured Hydrogels 247 11.8 Nanostructured Conducting Polymers 254 11.9 Conclusions and Future Trends 260 References 262 12 Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials in Biosensors and Diagnostics 277 Zeynep Altintas 12.1 Introduction 277 12.2 MNP Based Biosensors for Disease Detection 279 12.3 MNPs in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy 284 12.4 Cellular Applications of MNPs in Biosensing, Imaging, and Therapy 289 12.5 Conclusions 290 References 291 13 Graphene Applications in Biosensors and Diagnostics 297 Adina Arvinte and Adama Marie Sesay 13.1 Introduction 297 13.2 Graphene and Biosensors 298 13.2.1 Structure 298 13.2.2 Preparation 299 13.2.3 Properties 301 13.2.4 Commercialization in the Field of Graphene Sensors 302 13.2.5 Latest Developments in Graphene based Diagnosis 303 13.3 Medical Applications of Graphene 303 13.3.1 Electrochemical Graphene Biosensors for Medical Diagnostics 304 13.3.1.1 Glucose Detection 304 13.3.1.2 Cysteine Detection 307 13.3.1.3 Cholesterol Detection 309 13.3.1.4 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) 310 13.3.1.5 Glycated Hemoglobin 312 13.3.1.6 Neurotransmitters 312 13.3.1.7 Amyloid Beta Peptide 315 13.3.2 Electrochemical Graphene Aptasensors 316 13.3.2.1 Nucleic Acids 316 13.3.2.2 Cancer Cell 318 13.3.3 Optical Graphene Sensors for Medical Diagnostics 319 13.4 Conclusions 322 Acknowledgments 322 References 322 Section 4 Organ-Specific Health Care Applications for Disease Cases Using Biosensors 327 14 Optical Biosensors and Applications to Drug Discovery for Cancer Cases 329 Zeynep Altintas 14.1 Introduction 329 14.2 Biosensor Technology and Coupling Chemistries 332 14.3 Optical Biosensors for Drug Discovery 335 14.4 Computational Simulations and New Approaches for Drug-Receptor Interactions 341 14.5 Conclusions 343 References 344 15 Biosensors for Detection of Anticancer Drug-DNA Interactions 349 Arzum Erdem, Ece Eksin, and Ece Kesici 15.1 Introduction 349 15.2 Electrochemical Techniques 351 15.3 Optical Techniques 356 15.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique 358 15.5 QCM Technique 360 15.6 Conclusions 361 Acknowledgments 361 References 361 Index
List of Contributors xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Section 1 Introduction to Biosensors, Recognition Elements, Biomarkers, and Nanomaterials 1 1 General Introduction to Biosensors and Recognition Receptors 3 Frank Davis and Zeynep Altintas 1.1 Introduction to Biosensors 3 1.2 Enzyme Based Biosensors 4 1.3 DNA and RNA Based Biosensors 5 1.4 Antibody Based Biosensors 7 1.5 Aptasensors 8 1.6 Peptide Based Biosensors 10 1.7 MIP Based Biosensor 11 1.8 Conclusions 12 References 13 2 Biomarkers in Health Care 17 Adama Marie Sesay, Pirkko Tervo, and Elisa Tikkanen 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Biomarkers 18 2.2.1 Advantage and Utilization of Biomarkers 18 2.2.2 Ideal Characteristics of Biomarkers 19 2.3 Biological Samples and Biomarkers 20 2.4 Personalized Health and Point of Care Technology 22 2.5 Use of Biomarkers in Biosensing Technology 24 2.6 Biomarkers in Disease Diagnosis 26 2.7 Conclusions 29 References 30 3 The Use of Nanomaterials and Microfluidics in Medical Diagnostics 35 Jon Ashley and Yi Sun 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Nanomaterials in Medical Diagnostics (Bottom Up Approach) 36 3.2.1 Carbon Nanomaterials 37 3.2.2 Metallic Nanoparticles 39 3.2.2.1 Quantum Dots 39 3.2.2.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles (Fe2O3, FeO, and Fe3O4) 41 3.2.2.3 Gold Nanoparticles 41 3.2.2.4 Silver Nanoparticles 42 3.2.2.5 Nanoshells 42 3.2.2.6 Nanocages 43 3.2.2.7 Nanowires 43 3.2.3 Polymer Based Nanoparticles 44 3.3 Application of Microfluidic Devices in Clinical Diagnostics (Top Down Approach) 45 3.3.1 Unique Features of Microfluidic Devices 45 3.3.2 Applications of Microfluidic Devices in Medical Diagnostics 46 3.3.2.1 Types of Microfluidic POC Devices 47 3.3.2.2 Benchtop Microfluidic Instruments 47 3.3.2.3 Small, Lightweight Microfluidic Devices 49 3.3.2.4 Simple Un instrumented Microfluidic Systems 50 3.4 Integration of Microfluidics with Nanomaterials 52 3.5 Future Perspectives of Nanomaterial and Microfluidic Based Diagnostics 53 References 54 Section 2 Biosensor Platforms for Disease Detection and Diagnostics 59 4 SPR Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 61 Zeynep Altintas and Wellington M. Fakanya 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Basic Theoretical Principles 63 4.3 SPR Applications in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 66 4.3.1 SPR Biosensors in Cancer Detection 66 4.3.2 SPR Sensors in Cardiac Disease Detection 68 4.3.3 SPR Sensors in Infectious Disease Detection 71 4.4 Conclusions 72 References 74 5 Piezoelectric Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 77 Zeynep Altintas and Noor Azlina Masdor 5.1 Introduction 77 5.2 QCM Biosensors 78 5.3 Disease Diagnosis Using QCM Biosensors 80 5.3.1 Cancer Detection Using QCM Biosensors 82 5.3.2 Cardiovascular System Disorder Detection Using Biosensors 85 5.3.3 Pathogenic Disease Detection Using QCM Biosensors 88 5.4 Conclusions 90 References 91 6 Electrochemical Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 95 Andrea Ravalli and Giovanna Marrazza 6.1 Introduction 95 6.2 Electrochemical Biosensors: Definitions, Principles, and Classifications 96 6.3 Biomarkers in Clinical Applications 102 6.3.1 Electrochemical Biosensors for Tumor Markers 102 6.3.2 Electrochemical Biosensors for Cardiac Markers 110 6.3.3 Electrochemical Biosensors for Autoimmune Disease 115 6.3.4 Electrochemical Biosensors for Autoimmune Infectious Disease 116 6.4 Conclusions 118 References 118 7 MEMS Based Cell Counting Methods 125 Mustafa Kangul, Eren Ayd n, Furkan Gokce, Ozge Zorlu, Ebru Ozgur, and Haluk Kulah 7.1 Introduction 125 7.2 MEMS Based Cell Counting Methods 126 7.2.1 Optical Cell Counting Methods 126 7.2.1.1 Quantification of the Cells by Detecting Luminescence 127 7.2.1.2 Quantification of the Cells via High Resolution Imaging Techniques 130 7.3 Electrical and Electrochemical Cell Counting Methods 131 7.3.1 Impedimetric Cell Quantification 133 7.3.2 Voltammetric and Amperometric Cell Quantification 135 7.4 Gravimetric Cell Counting Methods 136 7.4.1 Deflection Based Cell Quantification 136 7.4.2 Resonant Based Cell Quantification 138 7.4.2.1 Theory of the Resonant Based Sensors 138 7.4.2.2 Actuation and Sensing Methods of Resonators in MEMS Applications 140 7.4.2.3 Resonator Structure Types Used for Cell Detection Applications 145 7.5 Conclusion and Comments 149 References 151 8 Lab on äChip Platforms for Disease Detection and Diagnosis 155 Ziya Isiksacan, Mustafa Tahsin Guler, Ali Kalantarifard, Mohammad Asghari, and Caglar Elbuken 8.1 Introduction 155 8.2 Continuous Flow Platforms 156 8.3 Paper Based LOC Platforms 161 8.4 Droplet Based LOC Platforms 166 8.5 Digital Microfluidic Based LOC Platforms 169 8.6 CD Based LOC Platforms 172 8.7 Wearable LOC Platforms 174 8.8 Conclusion and Outlook 176 References 177 Section 3 Nanomaterial's Applications in Biosensors and Diagnostics 183 9 Applications of Quantum Dots in Biosensors and Diagnostics 185 Zeynep Altintas, Frank Davis, and Frieder W. Scheller 9.1 Introduction 185 9.2 Quantum Dots: Optical Properties, Synthesis, and Surface Chemistry 186 9.3 Biosensor Applications of QDs 187 9.4 Other Biological Applications of QDs 191 9.5 Water Solubility and Cytotoxicity 194 9.6 Conclusion 196 References 197 10 Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Nanostructures in Biosensors and Diagnostics 201 Deniz Aktas Uygun, Murat Uygun, and Sinan Akgol 10.1 Introduction 201 10.2 Molecular Imprinted Polymers 202 10.3 Imprinting Approaches 204 10.4 Molecularly Imprinted Nanostructures 205 10.5 MIP Biosensors in Medical Diagnosis 207 10.6 Diagnostic Applications of MIP Nanostructures 210 10.7 Conclusions 212 References 213 11 Smart Nanomaterials: Applications in Biosensors and Diagnostics 219 Frank Davis, Flavio M. Shimizu, and Zeynep Altintas 11.1 Introduction 219 11.2 Metal Nanoparticles 221 11.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles 226 11.4 Carbon Nanotubes 231 11.5 Graphene 235 11.6 Nanostructured Metal Oxides 242 11.7 Nanostructured Hydrogels 247 11.8 Nanostructured Conducting Polymers 254 11.9 Conclusions and Future Trends 260 References 262 12 Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials in Biosensors and Diagnostics 277 Zeynep Altintas 12.1 Introduction 277 12.2 MNP Based Biosensors for Disease Detection 279 12.3 MNPs in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy 284 12.4 Cellular Applications of MNPs in Biosensing, Imaging, and Therapy 289 12.5 Conclusions 290 References 291 13 Graphene Applications in Biosensors and Diagnostics 297 Adina Arvinte and Adama Marie Sesay 13.1 Introduction 297 13.2 Graphene and Biosensors 298 13.2.1 Structure 298 13.2.2 Preparation 299 13.2.3 Properties 301 13.2.4 Commercialization in the Field of Graphene Sensors 302 13.2.5 Latest Developments in Graphene based Diagnosis 303 13.3 Medical Applications of Graphene 303 13.3.1 Electrochemical Graphene Biosensors for Medical Diagnostics 304 13.3.1.1 Glucose Detection 304 13.3.1.2 Cysteine Detection 307 13.3.1.3 Cholesterol Detection 309 13.3.1.4 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) 310 13.3.1.5 Glycated Hemoglobin 312 13.3.1.6 Neurotransmitters 312 13.3.1.7 Amyloid Beta Peptide 315 13.3.2 Electrochemical Graphene Aptasensors 316 13.3.2.1 Nucleic Acids 316 13.3.2.2 Cancer Cell 318 13.3.3 Optical Graphene Sensors for Medical Diagnostics 319 13.4 Conclusions 322 Acknowledgments 322 References 322 Section 4 Organ-Specific Health Care Applications for Disease Cases Using Biosensors 327 14 Optical Biosensors and Applications to Drug Discovery for Cancer Cases 329 Zeynep Altintas 14.1 Introduction 329 14.2 Biosensor Technology and Coupling Chemistries 332 14.3 Optical Biosensors for Drug Discovery 335 14.4 Computational Simulations and New Approaches for Drug-Receptor Interactions 341 14.5 Conclusions 343 References 344 15 Biosensors for Detection of Anticancer Drug-DNA Interactions 349 Arzum Erdem, Ece Eksin, and Ece Kesici 15.1 Introduction 349 15.2 Electrochemical Techniques 351 15.3 Optical Techniques 356 15.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique 358 15.5 QCM Technique 360 15.6 Conclusions 361 Acknowledgments 361 References 361 Index
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