Nanotechnology is an empowered technology that deals with nano-meter sized objects. It can be developed at several levels: materials, devices and systems. A decade ago, nanoparticles were studied because of their size-dependent physical and chemical properties. Now, they have crossed the threshold into a commercial exploration period. In the diverse field of nanotechnology, nearly all aspects of the industry, from medicines to machines, are undergoing tremendous advancements. The nanomaterials can operate as molecular imaging agents within those devices, input cancer-related genetic alterations, tumor cell functional features. If applied to healthcare, nanotechnology can make substantial progress in diagnosing, treating, and preventing illnesses. Researchers are progressively concerned in the potential health uses of nanotechnology for the development of newer diagnostic devices and drugs. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can be accomplished both in vivo and in vitro using biomolecules, microorganisms and plant extracts. Succinctly, we have discussed the research work of recent advances in biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles and its therapeutic applications.