Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by high angiogenic power, and are understood to be beneficial against endothelial dysfunction. This study investigates the impact of the transplantation of allogeneic MSCs from adult bone marrow on microvascular rarefaction, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension in rats. Results suggest that MSCs present a promising treatment strategy against hypertension. The mechanism appears to not involve changes of microvascular circulation.