The research work on bovine tuberculosis on Epidemiological and microbiological techniques supported by molecular tests. Afar pastoralists predominantly depend on consumption of raw animal products including milk, meat and related animal products, the result of this study which indicated the existence of BTB in cattle and small ruminants highlights the potential zoonotic risk of BTB to human in the region. In addition, the identification of NTM from tuberculin reactor cattle and goats indicates their importance in the epidemiology of livestock TB and which need to be further investigated to design a control strategy in the region in particular and in the country in general.