C. Robert Almli / Stanley Finger / T.E. LeVere / Donald G. Stein (eds.)Theoretical and Controversial Issues
Brain Injury and Recovery
Theoretical and Controversial Issues
Herausgegeben von Almli, C. Robert; Finger, Stanley; LeVere, T.E.; Stein, Donald G.
C. Robert Almli / Stanley Finger / T.E. LeVere / Donald G. Stein (eds.)Theoretical and Controversial Issues
Brain Injury and Recovery
Theoretical and Controversial Issues
Herausgegeben von Almli, C. Robert; Finger, Stanley; LeVere, T.E.; Stein, Donald G.
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The idea for the present volume grew from discussions that the four of us had among ourselves and with our colleagues at recent scientific meetings. All of us were impressed by the wealth of empirical data that was being generated by investigators interested in brain damage and recovery from both behavioral and biological orientations. Nevertheless, we were concerned about the relative paucity of attempts to evaluate the data provided by new technologies in more than a narrow context or to present new theories or reexamine time-honored ideas in the light of new findings. We recognized that…mehr
The idea for the present volume grew from discussions that the four of us had among ourselves and with our colleagues at recent scientific meetings. All of us were impressed by the wealth of empirical data that was being generated by investigators interested in brain damage and recovery from both behavioral and biological orientations. Nevertheless, we were concerned about the relative paucity of attempts to evaluate the data provided by new technologies in more than a narrow context or to present new theories or reexamine time-honored ideas in the light of new findings. We recognized that science is guided by new technologies, by hard data, and by theories and ideas. Yet we were forced to conclude that, although investi gators were often anxious to publicize new methods and empirical fmdings, the same could not be said about broad hypotheses, underlying concepts, or in ferences and speculations that extended beyond the empirical data. Not only were many scientists not formally discussing the broad implications of their data, but, when stimulating ideas were presented, they were more likely to be heard in the halls or over a meal than in organized sessions at scientific meetings.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- 1988.
- Seitenzahl: 362
- Erscheinungstermin: 5. Dezember 2012
- Englisch
- Gewicht: 770g
- ISBN-13: 9780306427565
- ISBN-10: 0306427567
- Artikelnr.: 24551239
- Herstellerkennzeichnung Die Herstellerinformationen sind derzeit nicht verfügbar.
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- 1988.
- Seitenzahl: 362
- Erscheinungstermin: 5. Dezember 2012
- Englisch
- Gewicht: 770g
- ISBN-13: 9780306427565
- ISBN-10: 0306427567
- Artikelnr.: 24551239
- Herstellerkennzeichnung Die Herstellerinformationen sind derzeit nicht verfügbar.
1 Toward a Definition of Recovery of Function.- 1. The Problem Defined.- 2. Definitions of Recovery of Function.- 3. Recovery or Behavioral Sparing?.- 4. Recovery or Compensation?.- 5. Recovery as Absolute and Inferential.- 6. Mechanisms of Recovery.- 7. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 2 Neural System Imbalances and the Consequence of Large Brain Injuries.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Subtotal Lesions.- 2.1. Normalization and Recovery of Function.- 2.2. Some Limitations.- 3. Complete Lesions.- 3.1. Recovery without Normalization.- 3.2. The Nature of the Behavioral Deficit.- 3.3. Some Supporting Data.- 3.4. The Chronic Consequence of Large Injuries.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Bases of Inductions of Recoveries and Protections from Amnesias.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Training Effects.- 3. Drug Effects.- 4. Memory and Remembering.- 5. Controversial Issues.- References.- 4 Neural Spare Capacity and the Concept of Diaschisis: Functional and Evolutionary Models.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Intimations of Spare Capacity.- 1.2. Do Large Ablations More Readily Reveal Spare Capacity?.- 1.3. Evolutionary and Functional Puzzle of Spare Capacity.- 2. The Elements of Brain Information Processing Are Diffuse Domains.- 2.1. Unrealistic Aspects of Machine Metaphors and the Bugaboo Mosaic.- 2.2. Diffuse Domains Are Adequate for Maintaining Distinctions: A Metaphor of the Brain as an Immense Set of Counters.- 2.3. Von Monakow's Concept of Diaschisis.- 2.4. Experimental Studies of Diaschisis.- 2.5. Diaschisis in the Model.- 2.6. Implications of the Model for Understanding Early Brain Damage.- 3. Error and Reliability when Large Numbers of Subsystems Interact.- 3.1. Introduction to Neuroeconomics: Costs and Benefits in the Natural Selection of Spare Neural Capacity.- 3.2. Two Types of Safety Factor: Reiteration (Redundancy) and Aiming High.- 3.3. Numerical Demonstration of the Importance of the Reiterative Safety Factor.- 3.4. Implications of the Numerical Demonstration for Ablation Research.- 3.5. Reiterations Are Unlikely to Comprise Large, Complex Units.- 3.6. Relevance of Research on Brain Size for the Safety Factor Hypothesis.- 3.7. Implications when There Is Additional Loss of Tissue.- 4. Five Possible Nonneural Preadaptations for Safety Factor.- 4.1. Developmental Heterochrony.- 4.2. The Head as a Releaser of Imprinting at Birth.- 4.3. The Visual Proportions of Infants as Affectional Releasers.- 4.4. A Large Head on a Large Body Is Fearsome rather than Cute.- 4.5. Surface/Volume Ratio in Thermoregulation.- 5. An Important Implication of Nonneural Natural Selection Factors for Neural Information Processing, Diaschisis, and Recovery.- 6. Summary.- References.- 5 Kurt Goldstein and Recovery of Function.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Assumptions and Empirical Origins.- 3. Theoretical Approach.- 4. Localization.- 5. Psychological Deficits following Brain Damage.- 6. Psychological Testing of Brain-Damaged Patients.- 7. Recovery and Rehabilitation.- 8. Significance for Neuropsychology.- References.- 6 Assumptions about the Brain and Its Recovery from Damage.- 1. Mechanisms of Brain Function.- 2. MacLean and the Triune Brain.- 3. Multiple Functions of Neural Systems.- 4. The Effects of Damage.- 4.1. Are Any Changes "Absolute"?.- 4.2. Motivational Changes following Brain Damage.- 5. Secondary Effects of Brain Damage.- 6. Residual Visual Abilities.- 7. The Extent of Stroke-Induced Damage.- References.- 7 Mass Action and Equipotentiality Reconsidered.- 1. Introduction and Historical Roots.- 2. Do We Need Mass Action and Equipotentiality?.- 2.1. Principles of Cortical Function.- 2.2. Principles of Behavior.- 3. Evidence of Recovery and Nonrecovery.- 3.1. Distinguishing between Getting Better and Recovery.- 3.2. Examining the Evidence for "Recovery of Function".- 3.3. Recovery, Mass Action, and Equipotentiality.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 8 Margaret Kennard and Her "Principle" in Historical Perspective.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Education and Backg
1 Toward a Definition of Recovery of Function.- 1. The Problem Defined.- 2. Definitions of Recovery of Function.- 3. Recovery or Behavioral Sparing?.- 4. Recovery or Compensation?.- 5. Recovery as Absolute and Inferential.- 6. Mechanisms of Recovery.- 7. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 2 Neural System Imbalances and the Consequence of Large Brain Injuries.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Subtotal Lesions.- 2.1. Normalization and Recovery of Function.- 2.2. Some Limitations.- 3. Complete Lesions.- 3.1. Recovery without Normalization.- 3.2. The Nature of the Behavioral Deficit.- 3.3. Some Supporting Data.- 3.4. The Chronic Consequence of Large Injuries.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Bases of Inductions of Recoveries and Protections from Amnesias.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Training Effects.- 3. Drug Effects.- 4. Memory and Remembering.- 5. Controversial Issues.- References.- 4 Neural Spare Capacity and the Concept of Diaschisis: Functional and Evolutionary Models.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Intimations of Spare Capacity.- 1.2. Do Large Ablations More Readily Reveal Spare Capacity?.- 1.3. Evolutionary and Functional Puzzle of Spare Capacity.- 2. The Elements of Brain Information Processing Are Diffuse Domains.- 2.1. Unrealistic Aspects of Machine Metaphors and the Bugaboo Mosaic.- 2.2. Diffuse Domains Are Adequate for Maintaining Distinctions: A Metaphor of the Brain as an Immense Set of Counters.- 2.3. Von Monakow's Concept of Diaschisis.- 2.4. Experimental Studies of Diaschisis.- 2.5. Diaschisis in the Model.- 2.6. Implications of the Model for Understanding Early Brain Damage.- 3. Error and Reliability when Large Numbers of Subsystems Interact.- 3.1. Introduction to Neuroeconomics: Costs and Benefits in the Natural Selection of Spare Neural Capacity.- 3.2. Two Types of Safety Factor: Reiteration (Redundancy) and Aiming High.- 3.3. Numerical Demonstration of the Importance of the Reiterative Safety Factor.- 3.4. Implications of the Numerical Demonstration for Ablation Research.- 3.5. Reiterations Are Unlikely to Comprise Large, Complex Units.- 3.6. Relevance of Research on Brain Size for the Safety Factor Hypothesis.- 3.7. Implications when There Is Additional Loss of Tissue.- 4. Five Possible Nonneural Preadaptations for Safety Factor.- 4.1. Developmental Heterochrony.- 4.2. The Head as a Releaser of Imprinting at Birth.- 4.3. The Visual Proportions of Infants as Affectional Releasers.- 4.4. A Large Head on a Large Body Is Fearsome rather than Cute.- 4.5. Surface/Volume Ratio in Thermoregulation.- 5. An Important Implication of Nonneural Natural Selection Factors for Neural Information Processing, Diaschisis, and Recovery.- 6. Summary.- References.- 5 Kurt Goldstein and Recovery of Function.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Assumptions and Empirical Origins.- 3. Theoretical Approach.- 4. Localization.- 5. Psychological Deficits following Brain Damage.- 6. Psychological Testing of Brain-Damaged Patients.- 7. Recovery and Rehabilitation.- 8. Significance for Neuropsychology.- References.- 6 Assumptions about the Brain and Its Recovery from Damage.- 1. Mechanisms of Brain Function.- 2. MacLean and the Triune Brain.- 3. Multiple Functions of Neural Systems.- 4. The Effects of Damage.- 4.1. Are Any Changes "Absolute"?.- 4.2. Motivational Changes following Brain Damage.- 5. Secondary Effects of Brain Damage.- 6. Residual Visual Abilities.- 7. The Extent of Stroke-Induced Damage.- References.- 7 Mass Action and Equipotentiality Reconsidered.- 1. Introduction and Historical Roots.- 2. Do We Need Mass Action and Equipotentiality?.- 2.1. Principles of Cortical Function.- 2.2. Principles of Behavior.- 3. Evidence of Recovery and Nonrecovery.- 3.1. Distinguishing between Getting Better and Recovery.- 3.2. Examining the Evidence for "Recovery of Function".- 3.3. Recovery, Mass Action, and Equipotentiality.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 8 Margaret Kennard and Her "Principle" in Historical Perspective.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Education and Backg