Brain MR image segmentation is an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of engineering and medicine. This field is intended to develop computational and mathematical models for solving problems pertaining to medical images and their use for biomedical research and clinical care. Every year, many more articles are added to the literature that describe new algorithms for solving the problem. However, the artifacts such as intensity inhomogeneity, noise, inaccurate tissue boundaries, etc. make the brain MR image segmentation a challenging task. It still remains an open problem. This book attempts to address different problems in the brain MR image segmentation. The pre-processing and segmentation steps are investigated as a cohesive whole. The research found a flood of new avenues for exploration in the future. The findings of this book could serve as a foundation for researchers, scholars and faculties looking to explore new ideas and methodologies in the field of brain MR image segmentation.