Preface x
About the Author xiii
Introduction 1
Evolvement of building services engineering 2
Range of building services engineering systems in a building 3
Unique features of building services 4
Professionalisation of building services engineers 6
Part One The operating context 9
1 The operating environment 11
1.1 Organisational arrangement 13
Ownership arrangement 13
Scope of services 14
Integration with other entities 15
Types of projects by building sector 15
Geographical operating span 16
1.2 The internal environment 16
Human capital 17
Structural capital 19
Relationship capital 21
Summary 22
2 The external environment 23
2.1 Competitor analysis 24
2.2 PESTLE analysis 25
Political drivers 25
Economic drivers 26
Social drivers 26
Technical drivers 27
Legal drivers 28
Environmental drivers 29
Summary 30
3 Engaging building services engineers 31
3.1 Types of commissions 32
Design commissions 32
Survey commissions 33
Advisory commissions 34
Witnessing commissions 36
Construction administration 36
3.2 Contracts 36
Allocation of design responsibility 37
Provision of third party information 38
Warranties 39
Bonds 40
Insurances 40
Partnering 41
3.3 Fees 41
3.4 Getting work 43
Responding to enquiries 44
Summary 45
4 Stakeholder interfaces 46
4.1 The client team 48
4.2 Enforcing authorities 50
Building control 50
Local planning departments 51
Non-departmental public bodies 52
4.3 The design team 52
Architects 52
Engineers 55
Quantity surveyors 56
Specialists 57
4.4 The construction team 60
Main contractors 60
Subcontractors 61
Suppliers 61
4.5 Utility service providers 61
4.6 Non-contractual interfaces 63
Summary 65
Reference 65
5 Professional ethics 66
Summary 68
Part Two Technical issues associated with building services design 69
6 Design criteria 71
6.1 External design criteria 72
Meteorological design criteria 75
Microclimates 81
Pollution and contaminants 83
6.2 Interior design criteria 88
Thermal comfort 90
Visual conditions 95
Acoustic conditions 100
Electromagnetic and electrostatic environment 101
Life safety criteria 101
Vertical transportation 102
Specialist services 103
Connectivity 103
Controlled outdoor environment 103
6.3 Voluntary codes and practices 105
Incentive schemes 106
Eco-labelling 106
Summary 107
Reference 107
7 System descriptions 108
7.1 Public utility services connections 110
Electricity 111
Gas 112
Water 112
Information and broadcast communications 113
7.2 Ventilation 114
7.3 Heating 118
7.4 Cooling 120
7.5 Air-conditioning 121
7.6 Water systems 123
Hot and cold domestic water services 123
Irrigation systems 126
Fire water systems 126
Wastewater removal systems 127
7.7 Gas systems 129
7.8 Electrical distribution 130
Source of supply 130
Transmission system 130
Earthing and bonding system 133
Electrical supplies for mechanical, public health and other equipment 134
7.9 Artificial lighting 134
External lighting 136
7.10 Controls 136
7.11 Lightning protection system 138
7.12 Fire detection and alarm system 139
7.13 Smoke and fire control systems 140
7.14 Security systems 143
Security lighting 143
Access control system 143
Closed circuit television 144
Alarms 144
Patrol stations 145
7.15 Structured wiring system 145
7.16 Broadcast communications technology systems 146
7.17 Mobile telephony systems 146
7.18 Audio, visual, audiovisual and information systems 147
7.19 Facilities for the disabled 149
7.20 Vertical transportation 150
Summary 150
8 Off-site manufacturing 151
Summary 152
Part Three The design management process 153
9 Design execution 155
9.1 Project stages 157
Preparation 157
Design 158
Pre-construction 168
Construction stage 171
Handover and close-out 180
In use 181
9.2 Design management issues 184
Design responsibility matrix 184
Hierarchy of legislation and standards 185
Stakeholder analysis 185
Site visits 186
Health and safety responsibilities 187
Life cycle considerations 188
Managing ff&e requirements 190
Areas of potential overlapping responsibilities 190
Use of software 196
Summary 196
10 Risk management 198
Risk identification 199
Risk evaluation and quantification 201
Risk sharing, managing and monitoring 201
Summary 202
References 202
11 Information management 203
Project related information 204
Reference information 204
Knowledge management 204
Summary 206
12 Value management 207
Summary 210
13 Planning management 211
Summary 214
Reference 214
14 Commercial management 215
Procuremant routes 215
Cost management 216
Bills of quantities 218
Contract variations, claims and disputes 219
Summary 219
15 Quality management 220
Summary 221
16 Performance management 222
Issues with performance measurement systems 224
Summary 225
Part Four Special buildings 227
17 Special buildings 229
17.1 Commercial kitchens 229
17.2 Hospitals and healthcare facilities 234
17.3 Data centres 241
17.4 Shopping centres 244
17.5 Sports facilities 245
17.6 Hotels 246
17.7 Educational buildings 248
Index 251
