BURNISHING is a widely used common metal finishing technique, which is not only simple and economical, but at the same time is extremely important surface modification treatment that results in immensely desirable compressive residual stresses at the surface. The present monograph provides the scientific- and technological- principles based basis for burnishing, optimization of burnishing parameters (using Taguchi proposed and other designs of experiments), surface characterisation using optical microscopy and micro hardness measurements. The monograph also provides the details of burnishing maps, correlating burnishing parameters with surface characteristics-notable is the first time proposed MASTER BURNISHING MAP that correlates burnishing volume and strength / micro hardness levels. Thus, this monograph should be an extremely useful preference document for the mechanical engineers engaged in component and structural design and manufacture.