Byzantine lyra
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The Byzantine lyra, or Byzantine lira was a medieval bowed string musical instrument in the Byzantine Empire and is an ancestor of most European bowed instruments, including the violin. In its popular form the lyra was a pear-shaped instrument with three to five strings, held upright and played by stopping the strings from the side with fingernails. Remains of two actual examples of Byzantine lyras from the Middle ages have been found in excavasions at Novgorod; one dated to 1190 AD. The first known depiction of the instrument is on an Byzantine ivory casket (900 - 1100 AD), preserved in the…mehr

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The Byzantine lyra, or Byzantine lira was a medieval bowed string musical instrument in the Byzantine Empire and is an ancestor of most European bowed instruments, including the violin. In its popular form the lyra was a pear-shaped instrument with three to five strings, held upright and played by stopping the strings from the side with fingernails. Remains of two actual examples of Byzantine lyras from the Middle ages have been found in excavasions at Novgorod; one dated to 1190 AD. The first known depiction of the instrument is on an Byzantine ivory casket (900 - 1100 AD), preserved in the Palazzo del Podesta in Florence (Museo Nazionale, Florence, Coll. Carrand, No.26). Versions of the lyra are still played in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy and Turkey; a notable example is Crete, where the Cretan lyra is central to the traditional music of the island.