The aim of this book is to analyse and understand the causes of Cameroon's economic dependence, which we look for in the colonial and post-colonial discourse of France as well as in the discourse of independent Cameroon. We attempt to reconstruct the will to create Cameroon's economic dependence on France through foreign trade, the basis of Cameroon's colonial economic system. The main issues revolve around the difficulties of a real development of the country, leading to the development of a cash crop agriculture weakened by the deterioration of the terms of trade. The debate on the industrialisation of Africa, thanks to French aid, shows the economic dependence of overseas France. Thus, the analysis of the impact of production relations on the economic dependence of Cameroon and the anomalies of African economies allows us to realise that, going beyond the 'metropolis-formerly mandated territory' divide, the economic framework of the development of Cameroon's foreign trade extends towards the institutionalisation of multilateralism and the levers of Euro-Cameroonian cooperation.