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Cannon in the Middle Ages were large tubular firearms designed to fire a heavy projectile over a long distance. They were used in China, Europe and the Middle East during the period, and became an important type of artillery. Although gunpowder was known in Europe during the High Middle Ages, it was not until the Late Middle Ages that cannon were widely developed. The first cannon in Europe were probably used in Iberia, during the Islamic wars against the Christians in the 13th century; their use was also first documented in the Middle East around this time. English cannon first appeared in 1327, and later saw more general use during the Hundred Years' War, when primitive cannon were engaged at the Battle of Crécy in 1346. By the end of the 14th century, the use of cannon was also recorded in Russia, Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire. The earliest medieval cannon, the pot-de-fer, had bulbous, vase-like shape, and was used more for psychological effect than for causing physical damage. The later culverin was transitional between the handgun and the full cannon, and was used as an anti-personnel weapon.