1. General Aspects of Calcium Signaling.- The Concept of Calcium as a Cellular Signal.- Measurement of Cellular Calcium Levels and Movements.- Calcium Stores, Calcium Pools.- The Phosphoinositide Story.- (1,4,5)IP3 Receptors and Intracellular Ca2+ Release.- Metabolism of Inositol Phosphates.- Calciosomes.- Intracellular Calcium Oscillations.- Excitable vs. Nonexcitable Cells.- Concluding Remarks.- 2. Capacitative Calcium Entry.- Biphasic Calcium Signaling.- The Capacitative Model is Proposed.- Proofs of the Capacitative Model: Calcium "Overshoot," Thapsigargin and Mn2+ Quench.- The Pathway for Calcium Entry.- 3. The Signal for Capacitative Calcium Entry.- Conformational Coupling.- Evidence Against Conformational Coupling.- Evidence for a Diffusible Messenger for Capacitative Calcium Entry.- Calcium as a Signal for Calcium Entry.- Calcium Influx Factor (CIF).- Metabolites of Cytochrome P-450.- Cyclic GMP.- (1,3,4,5)IP4.- Tyrosine Kinase.- G-Protein(s).- Conclusions.- 4. Electrophysiology and Regulation of Capacitative Calcium Entry.- Properties of Icrac.- Single Channels?.- Regulation of Capacitative Ca2+ Entry Channels by Feedback Inhibition.- Regulation of Capacitative Ca2+ Entry Channels by Protein Phosphorylation.- Conclusions.- 5. The Molecular Nature of Capacitative Calcium Entry Channels.- Drosophila trp and trpl.- Functional Studies of Expressed trp and trpl.- Mammalian Homologs of trp.- Expression of Mammalian trps.- A plasma Membrane (1,4,5)IP3 Receptor.- Conclusions.- 6. Physiological, Pharmacological and Pathological Aspects of Capacitative Calcium Entry.- Physiological Functions of Capacitative Calcium Entry-Short Term Responses.- Physiological Functions of Capacitative Calcium Entry-Long Term Responses.- Pharmacology of Capacitative Calcium Entry.- Clinical Uses of Inhibitors of Capacitative Calcium Entry.- Pathology and toxicology of capacitative calcium entry.- Conclusions.
