short summary of what is going on. In the almost 20 years since its first appearance, Capil Writing a monograph like this is a lot of work, even more lary Electrophoresis (CE) has become a standard analy than I anticipated. Luckily, I could fall back on the tical separation technique in many laboratories. CE is theoretical and practical experience with CE obtained in now used routinely in applications ranging from in our laboratory over the past years. Therefore, I am in organic ion determinations to genetic analysis. After the depted to all who contributed to this experience. In the first…mehr
short summary of what is going on. In the almost 20 years since its first appearance, Capil Writing a monograph like this is a lot of work, even more lary Electrophoresis (CE) has become a standard analy than I anticipated. Luckily, I could fall back on the tical separation technique in many laboratories. CE is theoretical and practical experience with CE obtained in now used routinely in applications ranging from in our laboratory over the past years. Therefore, I am in organic ion determinations to genetic analysis. After the depted to all who contributed to this experience. In the first development studies in R&D groups in the first 10 first place my (former) colleagues Hans Poppe and Jo years, and the breakthrough of commercial instruments han Kraak should be mentioned. They started the CE in the second decade, CE has now become a member of work in Amsterdam and teached me a lesson or two the establishment of analytical techniques. This seemed about it later. Together we formed maybe not the most a good moment to summarize the instrumental possibi famous but certainly the best-spirited CE research group lities of the technique, its accomplishments and weak in the world. Thanks are also due to the hard-working lab points. The result of this thought is in front of you.
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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kok forscht am Laboratorium voor Analytische Scheikunde, Amsterdam.
Inhaltsangabe
1 The Short History of CE.- 2 Basic Principles of CE.- 2.1 The electromigration of ions.- 2.2 Prediction of ionic mobilities.- 2.3 The principles of electroosmosis.- 2.4 Separation modes in CE.- 3 Efficiency and Resolution.- 3.1 Sources of zone broadening.- 3.2 Resolution.- 4 Voltages and Currents.- 4.1 The voltage source.- 4.2 The field strength and electrophoretic current.- 4.3 Electrolysis of the BGE in the electrode vials.- 5 Thermal Management.- 5.1 Joule heating in CE.- 5.2 Thermostatting systems.- 5.3 Estimation of the operating temperature.- 6 Capillaries and the Electroosmotic Flow.- 6.1 The origin of the electroosmotic flow.- 6.2 Solution effects on the EOF.- 6.3 Dynamic modification of the capillary.- 6.4 Coated capillaries.- 6.5 Alternative capillary materials.- 6.6 External control of the EOF.- 7 The Background Electrolyte.- 7.1 The role of the background electrolyte in CZE.- 7.2 The Kohlrausch regulating function.- 7.3 Overloading with strong analyte ions.- 7.4 The quality of the BGE.- 7.5 Overloading with weak ions.- 8 Sample Introduction.- 8.1 Hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection.- 8.2 Matrix effects on injection.- 8.3 Sample stacking.- 8.4 Coupled ITP-CE.- 8.5 Chromatographic preconcentration.- 8.6 Hyphenated techniques.- 9 UV-Absorption Detection.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 The sensitivity and linearity of UV detection.- 9.3 Optical arrangements for UV detection.- 9.4 Extended light-path detection.- 9.5 Multi-wavelength detection.- 9.6 Thermo-optical detection.- 10 Fluorescence Detection.- 10.1 Optical arrangements for fluorescence detection.- 10.2 Laser-induced fluorescence detection.- 10.3 Pre-column derivatization.- 10.4 Post-column derivatization.- 11 Indirect Detection.- 11.1 Transfer ratios.- 11.2 System zones.- 11.3 Baseline instabilities in indirect detection.- 11.4 Indirect UV detection.- 11.5 Indirect fluorescence detection.- 12 Electrochemical Detection.- 12.1 Principles of electrochemical detection techniques.- 12.2 End-column detection.- 12.3 Off-column detection.- 12.4 Amperometric detectors.- 12.5 Conductivity detection.- 13 Micro-preparative CE.- 13.1 Fraction collection.- 13.2 Optimization of the production rate.- 14 Instrumental Developments.- 14.1 Instruments for routine analysis.- 14.2 Coupling of CE and mass spectrometry.- 14.3 Capillary array CE.- 14.4 Nanoscale integrated CE systems.- 14.5 Future perspectives.
1 The Short History of CE.- 2 Basic Principles of CE.- 2.1 The electromigration of ions.- 2.2 Prediction of ionic mobilities.- 2.3 The principles of electroosmosis.- 2.4 Separation modes in CE.- 3 Efficiency and Resolution.- 3.1 Sources of zone broadening.- 3.2 Resolution.- 4 Voltages and Currents.- 4.1 The voltage source.- 4.2 The field strength and electrophoretic current.- 4.3 Electrolysis of the BGE in the electrode vials.- 5 Thermal Management.- 5.1 Joule heating in CE.- 5.2 Thermostatting systems.- 5.3 Estimation of the operating temperature.- 6 Capillaries and the Electroosmotic Flow.- 6.1 The origin of the electroosmotic flow.- 6.2 Solution effects on the EOF.- 6.3 Dynamic modification of the capillary.- 6.4 Coated capillaries.- 6.5 Alternative capillary materials.- 6.6 External control of the EOF.- 7 The Background Electrolyte.- 7.1 The role of the background electrolyte in CZE.- 7.2 The Kohlrausch regulating function.- 7.3 Overloading with strong analyte ions.- 7.4 The quality of the BGE.- 7.5 Overloading with weak ions.- 8 Sample Introduction.- 8.1 Hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection.- 8.2 Matrix effects on injection.- 8.3 Sample stacking.- 8.4 Coupled ITP-CE.- 8.5 Chromatographic preconcentration.- 8.6 Hyphenated techniques.- 9 UV-Absorption Detection.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 The sensitivity and linearity of UV detection.- 9.3 Optical arrangements for UV detection.- 9.4 Extended light-path detection.- 9.5 Multi-wavelength detection.- 9.6 Thermo-optical detection.- 10 Fluorescence Detection.- 10.1 Optical arrangements for fluorescence detection.- 10.2 Laser-induced fluorescence detection.- 10.3 Pre-column derivatization.- 10.4 Post-column derivatization.- 11 Indirect Detection.- 11.1 Transfer ratios.- 11.2 System zones.- 11.3 Baseline instabilities in indirect detection.- 11.4 Indirect UV detection.- 11.5 Indirect fluorescence detection.- 12 Electrochemical Detection.- 12.1 Principles of electrochemical detection techniques.- 12.2 End-column detection.- 12.3 Off-column detection.- 12.4 Amperometric detectors.- 12.5 Conductivity detection.- 13 Micro-preparative CE.- 13.1 Fraction collection.- 13.2 Optimization of the production rate.- 14 Instrumental Developments.- 14.1 Instruments for routine analysis.- 14.2 Coupling of CE and mass spectrometry.- 14.3 Capillary array CE.- 14.4 Nanoscale integrated CE systems.- 14.5 Future perspectives.
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