The aim of this work is to bring an economic view upon the carbon emission market. We identify the specificities of this market, regarding the intrinsic value of carbon . We investigate the econometric particularities of carbon permits prices behaviour and their result of the calibration. We apprehend and explain the reasons of the non-Gaussian behaviour of this market focusing mainly upon jump diffusion and generalized hyperbolic distributions. We test these results for pricing, risk modelling, fundamental valuation and technical analysis