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Diploma Thesis from the year 1997 in the subject Materials Science, grade: 1,0, Technical University of Braunschweig (Unbekannt), language: English, abstract: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract:
The suitability of different materials for the tuning structure of the LHC rf cavities is evaluated. The structure spanning the temperature interval from room to cryogenic is subjected to mechanical loading, and radiation.
A filament wound tube reinforced with high-strength carbon fibres is considered to be most appropriate.
Design calculations are performed using laminate theory. The safety margin for a cylindric filament wound tube under the given mechanical and thermal loading conditions is calculated for different winding angles.
The calculations indicate that the thermal load is causing shear and transverse stresses which are more critical than the stresses due to the mechanical load.
A fatigue test is performed with a prototype tube under thermal and mechanical working conditionsas they are estimated for LHC.
Before and after the fatigue test, non-destructive testing methods (ultrasonic examination, microscopy, and geometry measurements) are employed to evaluate the material condition before and after the fatigue test.
All three non-destructive tests indicate that the prototype tube withstood the fatigue test damage free. No advice on fibre breakage, delaminations, or matrix micro-cracking has been found.
Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents:
1.Introduction1
2.Background3
2.1CERN3
2.2CERN's Future Project LHC4
2.3RF Cavities5
2.4Tuning of Cavities7
3.Material and Geometry11
3.1Mechanical Load, Life Expectancy12
3.2Thermal Load13
3.3Radiation Resistance13
3.4Choice of Material14
3.5Choice of Structure17
4.Design Calculations21
4.1Mechanics of Fibre-Reinforced Composites21
4.2Calculation of Stresses and Strains23
4.2.1Temperature Distribution23
4.2.2Stresses and Strains26
4.3Failure Analysis34
5.Testing Methods37
5.1Destructive.37
5.1.1Tensile Properties37
5.1.2In-Plane Shear Properties385.2Non-Destructive Testing38
5.2.1Ultrasonic Testing39
5.2.2Radiography43
5.2.3Acoustic-Emission44
5.2.4Acousto-Ultrasonic Testing45
5.2.5Thermography46
5.2.6Other Methods47
6.Testing49
6.1Non-Destructive Material Tests49
6.1.1Microscopy of End-Sections50
6.1.2Geometry50
6.1.3Ultrasonic Testing51
6.2Description of Fatigue Test53
6.2.1Test Assembly53
6.2.2Testing Procedure55
6.3Results and Discussion57
6.3.1Fatigue Test57
6.3.2Microscopy of End-Sections57
6.3.3Geometry58
6.3.4Ultrasonic Test59
7.Conclusions65
Bibliography67
A.Initial Specification of the Diplomarbeit75
B.Introduction to Accelerators79
B.1Introduction to Accelerator Physies79
B.2Development of Particle Accelerators81
B.2.1Direct Current Accelerators81
B.2.2Radio Frequency Accelerators81
B.3Synchrotrons, Storage Rings, and Colliders83
C.Prototype Tube85
C.1Ply-Properties85
C.1.1Coefficients of Elasticity85
C.1.2Coefficients of Thermal expansion86
C.1.3Ply-Strength86
D.Program Codes and Results87
D.1Temperature Distribution87
D.1.1Curve Fit, Thermal Conductivity87
D.1.2Iterative Solution of D.E. of Conduction of Heat89
D.1.3Curve-Fit to Solution94
D.2Ply Stresses and Strains95
D.2.1Program Code95
E.Testing Results109
E.1Results of Micrography109
E.2Results of Ultrasonic Test at EMPA114
E.2.1Ultrasonic Test at EMPA114
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
The suitability of different materials for the tuning structure of the LHC rf cavities is evaluated. The structure spanning the temperature interval from room to cryogenic is subjected to mechanical loading, and radiation.
A filament wound tube reinforced with high-strength carbon fibres is considered to be most appropriate.
Design calculations are performed using laminate theory. The safety margin for a cylindric filament wound tube under the given mechanical and thermal loading conditions is calculated for different winding angles.
The calculations indicate that the thermal load is causing shear and transverse stresses which are more critical than the stresses due to the mechanical load.
A fatigue test is performed with a prototype tube under thermal and mechanical working conditionsas they are estimated for LHC.
Before and after the fatigue test, non-destructive testing methods (ultrasonic examination, microscopy, and geometry measurements) are employed to evaluate the material condition before and after the fatigue test.
All three non-destructive tests indicate that the prototype tube withstood the fatigue test damage free. No advice on fibre breakage, delaminations, or matrix micro-cracking has been found.
Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents:
1.Introduction1
2.Background3
2.1CERN3
2.2CERN's Future Project LHC4
2.3RF Cavities5
2.4Tuning of Cavities7
3.Material and Geometry11
3.1Mechanical Load, Life Expectancy12
3.2Thermal Load13
3.3Radiation Resistance13
3.4Choice of Material14
3.5Choice of Structure17
4.Design Calculations21
4.1Mechanics of Fibre-Reinforced Composites21
4.2Calculation of Stresses and Strains23
4.2.1Temperature Distribution23
4.2.2Stresses and Strains26
4.3Failure Analysis34
5.Testing Methods37
5.1Destructive.37
5.1.1Tensile Properties37
5.1.2In-Plane Shear Properties385.2Non-Destructive Testing38
5.2.1Ultrasonic Testing39
5.2.2Radiography43
5.2.3Acoustic-Emission44
5.2.4Acousto-Ultrasonic Testing45
5.2.5Thermography46
5.2.6Other Methods47
6.Testing49
6.1Non-Destructive Material Tests49
6.1.1Microscopy of End-Sections50
6.1.2Geometry50
6.1.3Ultrasonic Testing51
6.2Description of Fatigue Test53
6.2.1Test Assembly53
6.2.2Testing Procedure55
6.3Results and Discussion57
6.3.1Fatigue Test57
6.3.2Microscopy of End-Sections57
6.3.3Geometry58
6.3.4Ultrasonic Test59
7.Conclusions65
Bibliography67
A.Initial Specification of the Diplomarbeit75
B.Introduction to Accelerators79
B.1Introduction to Accelerator Physies79
B.2Development of Particle Accelerators81
B.2.1Direct Current Accelerators81
B.2.2Radio Frequency Accelerators81
B.3Synchrotrons, Storage Rings, and Colliders83
C.Prototype Tube85
C.1Ply-Properties85
C.1.1Coefficients of Elasticity85
C.1.2Coefficients of Thermal expansion86
C.1.3Ply-Strength86
D.Program Codes and Results87
D.1Temperature Distribution87
D.1.1Curve Fit, Thermal Conductivity87
D.1.2Iterative Solution of D.E. of Conduction of Heat89
D.1.3Curve-Fit to Solution94
D.2Ply Stresses and Strains95
D.2.1Program Code95
E.Testing Results109
E.1Results of Micrography109
E.2Results of Ultrasonic Test at EMPA114
E.2.1Ultrasonic Test at EMPA114
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.