Nowadays, There is a lot of clinical and experimental research in ishemic heart disease. Carnosine is such an important agent that upgrade its effect day by day. In our clinical research we thought that this book chapter will help to young medicine researchers in ischemic heart disease. Early diagnosis and revascularization is of high importance in reducing lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury and minimize local and distant effects. In addition, elucidation of the mechanism responsible for ischemia-reperfusion injury would ensure rapid and effective blocking of the injury. In our study, we showed carnosine to be an effective agent in avoiding myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, particularly on a biological basis. Thus, we consider that our study may guide more comprehensive future research.