C-V2X-Technologien in vernetzten automatisierten Fahrzeugen ermöglichen den Informationsaustausch zwischen Fahrzeugen, wobei die Fahrzeuge sowohl mit dem Netz als auch miteinander über äußerst zuverlässige und reaktionsschnelle, sichere und hochleistungsfähige Verbindungen kommunizieren. Wenn diese Form der Konnektivität möglich wird, fördert dies die Entstehung disruptiver neuer Anwendungen und Unternehmensdienstleistungen, die zu einer vorausschauenden Fahrunterstützung, zusätzlicher Verkehrssicherheit und schließlich der umfassenden Verbreitung vollautomatisierter Fahrzeuge führen. Auf dem…mehr
C-V2X-Technologien in vernetzten automatisierten Fahrzeugen ermöglichen den Informationsaustausch zwischen Fahrzeugen, wobei die Fahrzeuge sowohl mit dem Netz als auch miteinander über äußerst zuverlässige und reaktionsschnelle, sichere und hochleistungsfähige Verbindungen kommunizieren. Wenn diese Form der Konnektivität möglich wird, fördert dies die Entstehung disruptiver neuer Anwendungen und Unternehmensdienstleistungen, die zu einer vorausschauenden Fahrunterstützung, zusätzlicher Verkehrssicherheit und schließlich der umfassenden Verbreitung vollautomatisierter Fahrzeuge führen. Auf dem Weg zum vollautomatisierten Fahren bestehen erhebliche Herausforderungen für das Netz und die Fahrzeuge, wenn es darum geht, Dienste für Fahrzeuge auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Automatisierung bereitzustellen.
MIKAEL FALLGREN, PHD, is Senior Researcher at Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden. He was project manager of the 5GCAR project, while also serving as chairman of the 5G PPP Automotive Working Group and vice-chair of the 5G PPP Steering Board. He joined Ericsson as Experienced Researcher in 2011 with focus on wireless access networks. He has been involved in several other European Projects, including EARTH, METIS, METIS-II and 5GCroCo. MARKUS DILLINGER, Dipl.-Ing., is 5G R&D Head for vertical industry, Huawei Technologies, Munich, Germany. He was technical manager of the 5GCAR project. He joined Huawei as Head of Wireless Internet Technologies in 2010 where he led private and public R&D programs for car-to-car, ehealth and automation supporting 3GPP standardization and work for the vertical industry. He is currently member of 5G Health Association and member of 5GAA Executive Committee. TOKTAM MAHMOODI, PHD, is Reader in Wireless Networks, and Director of the Centre for Telecommunications Research, King's College London, UK. She has worked in telecom industry and led number of research projects in the area of mobile and wireless networks, with applications in tele-health, mission-critical communication, industrial networking, and vehicular networks. TOMMY SVENSSON, PHD, is full Professor, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. He is leading research on air interface and wireless networking for access, backhaul/ fronthaul in mobile communications. He was deeply involved in European research towards 4G and 5G, and currently towards 6G. He has also experience from Ericsson AB on core-, radio access-, and microwave networks.
Inhaltsangabe
List of Contributors xiii
Forewords xvii
Preface xxv
List of Abbreviations xxix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Motivation for C-V2X 2
1.1.1 Intelligent Transport Systems 2
1.1.2 Connected Automated Driving 3
1.1.3 Connected Road User Services 4
1.2 Toward a Joint Telecom and Automotive Roadmap for CAD 4
1.2.1 Telecom's Ambitions for Connected Driving 4
1.2.2 Automotive's Ambitions for Automated Driving 6
1.2.3 Joint Roadmap for CAD 7
1.3 Communication Technologies for CAD 8
1.3.1 Standardization of IEEE V2X 10
1.3.2 Standardization and Regulation Aspects of C-V2X 12
1.3.2.1 Available C-V2X Releases and Regulations 12
1.3.2.2 Future Requirements for C-V2X Releases and Regulations 13
1.4 Structure of this Book 14
References 18
2 Business Models 21
2.1 Current Market Analysis 22
2.2 Services Definition for CAD and CRU 23
2.2.1 Existing CAD and CRU Services 24
2.2.1.1 Emergency Call 24
2.2.1.2 Remote Diagnostics 24
2.2.1.3 Car Sharing 25
2.2.1.4 OTA Software Updates 25
2.2.1.5 Predictive Maintenance 25
2.2.1.6 Real-Time Road Traffic Management and Vehicle Guidance 25
2.2.2 Emerging CAD Services 25
2.2.2.1 Perception by Wireless Connectivity and Sensor Sharing 26
2.2.2.2 High-Definition Maps 26
2.2.3 Emerging CRU Services 26
2.2.3.1 Video Streaming and Gaming 26
2.2.3.2 Parking Reservations and Payment 26
2.3 Technical Components 27
2.4 Practicalities 28
2.4.1 Profile and SIM Card Provisioning 28
2.4.2 Routing Strategy 28
2.4.3 Roaming and Inter-operator Cooperation 29
2.4.4 Possible Business Model Evolution 29
2.4.4.1 OTA Software Updates 30
2.4.4.2 CAD Services and Related Automation Levels 31
2.5 Business Market Opportunities for V2X 34
2.5.1 CAD Business Model Enabled by 5G 34
2.5.1.1 Passive Infrastructure Sharing 37
2.5.1.2 Active Infrastructure Sharing, Excluding Spectrum Sharing 37
2.5.1.3 Active Infrastructure Sharing, Including Spectrum Sharing 37
2.5.2 Security Provision 38
2.5.2.1 The PKI Workflow 38
2.5.2.2 Enrollment of an ITS Station 39
2.5.2.3 Use of Authorizations Tokens 40
2.5.2.4 The Cost Hypothesis 40
2.5.3 OTA Software Updates 41
2.6 Business Model Analysis of 5G V2X Technical Components 44
2.6.1 Positioning 45
2.6.2 V2X Radio Design 46
2.6.2.1 Predictor Antenna 46
2.6.2.2 Beam-Forming 46
2.6.2.3 Efficiency 49
2.6.2.4 Reliability 49
2.6.2.5 Sidelink Out of Coverage 49
2.6.2.6 Sidelink in Coverage 49
2.6.3 Network Procedures 49
2.6.3.1 Local Standalone Network Procedures 51
2.6.3.2 Network Service Relationship Enhancement 51
2.6.3.3 Multi-Operator Solutions for V2X Communications 53
2.6.3.4 Network Orchestration and Management 53
2.6.4 End-to-End Security 54
2.6.5 Edge Computing Enhancements 55
2.6.6 Summary 58
2.7 Conclusions 58
References 60
3 Standardization and Regulation 63
3.1 Standardization Process Overview 64
3.1.1 General Aspects 64
3.1.2 Standardization and Regulation Bodies Relevant to ITS Specifications 64
