After the Collapse of Soviet Union, Central Asia became one of the major topics in international politics. Because of its vast natural resources, attractive markets, geo-strategy and geopolitics, great powers have pursued both hegemonic and conflicting policies toward the region. This work focuses on geo-strategic importance of the region; examines policy of great powers and regional states as well as their attempts to weaken the efforts of other side; analyzes the concepts of Islam, nationalism, drug trafficking and security.