Boycotting tropical timber reduces its economic value and provides an incentive to burn down forests, making them available for subsequent agricultural use or livestock farming. In contrast, a certification scheme for sustainably produced timber (tropical or non-tropical) protects the forests by raising their economic value. Examined here the impact of a certification scheme on German demand for tropical timber. A partial-equilibrium model is developed for the German tropical timber market as a whole as well as for five important submarkets representing 50% of the total demand. The results…mehr
Boycotting tropical timber reduces its economic value and provides an incentive to burn down forests, making them available for subsequent agricultural use or livestock farming. In contrast, a certification scheme for sustainably produced timber (tropical or non-tropical) protects the forests by raising their economic value. Examined here the impact of a certification scheme on German demand for tropical timber. A partial-equilibrium model is developed for the German tropical timber market as a whole as well as for five important submarkets representing 50% of the total demand. The results reveal that a credible certification scheme can induce a significant expansion of demand for sustainably produced tropical timber. This holds true for a scheme restricted to Germany as well as for an OECD-wide approach.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1 Introduction.- I: General Conditions for Tropical Timber Certification.- 2 Concepts of Sustainability and the Design of a Certification Scheme for Tropical Timber.- 3 Effectiveness and Efficiency of a Certification Scheme Aimed at Protecting Tropical Rain Forests.- 4 Certification and Tropical Timber Supply.- 5 Environmental Labels and Consumer Behaviour.- 5.1 The Distribution of Environmental Labels.- 5.2 Factors Influencing Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behaviour.- 5.3 Studies Concerning the Blue Angel.- 5.4 Case Study: Low Pollution Emulsion Lacquer Paints.- 5.5 Implications for a Certification of Tropical Timber.- II: Basic Scenarios for a Certified Tropical Timber Market in the Federal Republic of Germany.- 6 Definitions, Database and Data Processing.- 7 Distribution of Tropical Timber in the Federal Republic of Germany.- 7.1 Tropical Timber Imports and Exports.- 7.2 Processing of Tropical Timber in the German Timber Industry.- 7.3 Final Consumption of Tropical Timber.- 7.4 Distribution of Tropical Timber in 1984.- 8 Trend Analysis and Basic Scenarios.- 8.1 Procedure for Determining the Basic Scenarios.- 8.2 General Development in the German Tropical Timber Market.- 8.3 Trend Analysis and Basic Scenarios in Individual Submarkets.- 8.3.1 Windows.- 8.3.2 Outer Doors.- 8.3.3 Staircases.- 8.3.4 Do-It-Yourself Mouldings.- 8.3.5 Wall and Ceiling Coverings.- 8.3.6 Furniture Surfaces.- 8.3.7 Inner Doors.- 8.3.8 Summary of the Basic Scenarios.- III: Extended Scenarios for a Certified Tropical Timber Market under Different Supply and Demand Constellations.- 9 Theoretical Foundations.- 9.1 Determining the Market Equilibrium on a Certified Tropical Timber Market.- 9.1.1 Market Equilibrium with OECD-wide Certification.- 9.1.2 Market Equilibrium for a Certification Scheme Confined to the Federal Republic of Germany.- 9.2 Theoretical Description of the Supply Function with Increased Costs and the Demand Function with Increased Willingness to Pay.- 9.3 Determining the Price Elasticity of Demand in the Submarkets.- 9.4 Selection of the Supply, Demand and Substitution Elasticities.- 10 Extended Scenarios for Individual Submarkets.- 10.1 Windows.- 10.2 Outer Doors.- 10.3 Staircases.- 10.4 Do-It-Yourself Mouldings.- 10.5 Furniture Surfaces.- 11 Extended Scenarios of the Aggregate Timber Market.- 11.1 Extended Scenarios of the Aggregate Tropical Timber Market.- 11.2 Tropical Timber Certification and the Demand for Non-Tropical Timber.- 12 Conclusions.- A1 Procedure for Evaluating the Foreign Trade Statistics.- A2 Production Quantities and Values of Lacquer of German Production.- A3 List of Goods Categories in the Foreign Trade Statistics as Information Source for Tropical Timber.- A4 Net Imports of Tropical Timber into the Federal Republic of Germany.- A5 Conversion Factors for Evaluating the Foreign Trade Statistics.- A6 Recovery Rates.- A7 Domestic Final Consumption of Tropical Timber in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984.- A8 Half-Finished Tropical Timber Products: Chief Uses and Substitutes.- A9 Finished Timber Products on the German Market Containing No or Negligible Tropical Timber from Natural Forests.- A10 Graphic Depiction of a Contracting or Expanding Demand.- A11 Determining the Reaction Directions of the Derived Demand.- Summary.
1 Introduction.- I: General Conditions for Tropical Timber Certification.- 2 Concepts of Sustainability and the Design of a Certification Scheme for Tropical Timber.- 3 Effectiveness and Efficiency of a Certification Scheme Aimed at Protecting Tropical Rain Forests.- 4 Certification and Tropical Timber Supply.- 5 Environmental Labels and Consumer Behaviour.- 5.1 The Distribution of Environmental Labels.- 5.2 Factors Influencing Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behaviour.- 5.3 Studies Concerning the Blue Angel.- 5.4 Case Study: Low Pollution Emulsion Lacquer Paints.- 5.5 Implications for a Certification of Tropical Timber.- II: Basic Scenarios for a Certified Tropical Timber Market in the Federal Republic of Germany.- 6 Definitions, Database and Data Processing.- 7 Distribution of Tropical Timber in the Federal Republic of Germany.- 7.1 Tropical Timber Imports and Exports.- 7.2 Processing of Tropical Timber in the German Timber Industry.- 7.3 Final Consumption of Tropical Timber.- 7.4 Distribution of Tropical Timber in 1984.- 8 Trend Analysis and Basic Scenarios.- 8.1 Procedure for Determining the Basic Scenarios.- 8.2 General Development in the German Tropical Timber Market.- 8.3 Trend Analysis and Basic Scenarios in Individual Submarkets.- 8.3.1 Windows.- 8.3.2 Outer Doors.- 8.3.3 Staircases.- 8.3.4 Do-It-Yourself Mouldings.- 8.3.5 Wall and Ceiling Coverings.- 8.3.6 Furniture Surfaces.- 8.3.7 Inner Doors.- 8.3.8 Summary of the Basic Scenarios.- III: Extended Scenarios for a Certified Tropical Timber Market under Different Supply and Demand Constellations.- 9 Theoretical Foundations.- 9.1 Determining the Market Equilibrium on a Certified Tropical Timber Market.- 9.1.1 Market Equilibrium with OECD-wide Certification.- 9.1.2 Market Equilibrium for a Certification Scheme Confined to the Federal Republic of Germany.- 9.2 Theoretical Description of the Supply Function with Increased Costs and the Demand Function with Increased Willingness to Pay.- 9.3 Determining the Price Elasticity of Demand in the Submarkets.- 9.4 Selection of the Supply, Demand and Substitution Elasticities.- 10 Extended Scenarios for Individual Submarkets.- 10.1 Windows.- 10.2 Outer Doors.- 10.3 Staircases.- 10.4 Do-It-Yourself Mouldings.- 10.5 Furniture Surfaces.- 11 Extended Scenarios of the Aggregate Timber Market.- 11.1 Extended Scenarios of the Aggregate Tropical Timber Market.- 11.2 Tropical Timber Certification and the Demand for Non-Tropical Timber.- 12 Conclusions.- A1 Procedure for Evaluating the Foreign Trade Statistics.- A2 Production Quantities and Values of Lacquer of German Production.- A3 List of Goods Categories in the Foreign Trade Statistics as Information Source for Tropical Timber.- A4 Net Imports of Tropical Timber into the Federal Republic of Germany.- A5 Conversion Factors for Evaluating the Foreign Trade Statistics.- A6 Recovery Rates.- A7 Domestic Final Consumption of Tropical Timber in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984.- A8 Half-Finished Tropical Timber Products: Chief Uses and Substitutes.- A9 Finished Timber Products on the German Market Containing No or Negligible Tropical Timber from Natural Forests.- A10 Graphic Depiction of a Contracting or Expanding Demand.- A11 Determining the Reaction Directions of the Derived Demand.- Summary.
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